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Phage therapy, the therapeutic application of bacteriophages to selectively infect and lyse pathogenic bacteria, offers a targeted strategy to combat AMR pathogens while minimizing ecological disruption. This review synthesizes current evidence on major bacterial pathogens in aquaculture, with particular emphasis on infections caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Aeromonas, Vibrio, Edwardsiella, Flavobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. Available in\u00a0vivo studies indicate that phage\u2010based interventions, particularly phage cocktails, can significantly improve survival rates in aquaculture species, including catfish, salmonids, and shrimp. However, the current evidence base is dominated by laboratory challenge studies, and substantial heterogeneity in experimental designs, outcome measures, dosing strategies, and host\u2013pathogen systems limits direct cross\u2010study comparisons and broader translational interpretation. Additional challenges include large\u2010scale field implementation, the emergence of phage\u2010resistant bacterial variants, formulation and delivery constraints, and the absence of standardized regulatory frameworks. This review critically evaluates the translational readiness of phage therapy in aquaculture, examines advances in phage isolation, formulation and delivery strategies, and discusses key practical, regulatory and scientific barriers to commercial adoption. Finally, it identifies priority research areas and strategic investments required to facilitate the transition of phage therapy from experimental proof\u2010of\u2010concept to routine practice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:41:12Z","timestamp":1784958072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phage Therapy in Aquaculture: Mechanisms, Applications and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6486-2039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Dewan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agriculture University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6248-2808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora Brito","family":"Goulart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201022666210426092002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15010055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112271"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/phage.2023.0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13040831"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30153132"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8040192"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v17040549"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094577"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science","author":"Arivarasan V. 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