{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:12:04Z","timestamp":1784747524271,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFD2401704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD2401704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008990","name":"Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026C02A3020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026C02A3020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Trypanosomiasis has emerged as a significant health concern in cultured large yellow croaker (\n \n Larimichthys crocea<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ), yet the organ\u2010level distribution of the causative trypanosome within this host remains poorly characterized. The trypanosome was confirmed as\n Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic>\n sp. Lc by 18S rRNA gene sequencing (99.9% identity to two isolates from\n \n L. crocea<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in Fujian); its precise taxonomic placement remains under discussion. We quantified trypanosome distribution across 12 organ types of naturally microscopy\u2010confirmed infected\n \n L. crocea<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20096; collected from Zhujiajian Island, Zhoushan, China) by RT\u2010qPCR targeting the trypanosome 18S rRNA gene, with conspecific fish confirmed uninfected by blood smear microscopy (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20093) included as biological negative controls. Trypanosome 18S rRNA signal was detected in all 12 organ types from infected\n \n L. crocea<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n but not in any biological negative controls. Among organ types, the oral mucosa exhibited the highest trypanosome mean intensity (554.1 copies\/\u03bcg RNA) significantly higher than that of mesentery (0.5 copies\/\u03bcg RNA), muscle (0.8 copies\/\u03bcg RNA) and gonad (1.5 copies\/\u03bcg RNA) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05 in all cases), followed by comparatively high levels in the heart (219.3 copies\/\u03bcg RNA), gill (87.4 copies\/\u03bcg RNA) and kidney (39.9 copies\/\u03bcg RNA). In parallel, trypanosome morphology and subcellular structures were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, supplemented by fluorescence staining. Ultrastructural observations identified typical trypomastigote features, including an elongated cell body with an undulating membrane and flagellum, as well as the kinetoplast, nucleus and paraflagellar rod. Together, these findings provide an organ\u2010level distribution profile of\n Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic>\n sp. Lc in large yellow croaker and define key ultrastructural characteristics that complement molecular identification. The high trypanosome 18S rRNA mean intensity observed in oral mucosa and heart may help inform sample collecting for molecular detection and field surveillance in large yellow croaker aquaculture.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T18:42:47Z","timestamp":1784745767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Organ\u2010Wide\n qPCR<\/scp>\n Profiling Reveals High Trypanosome Intensity in Oral Mucosa of Cultured\n Larimichthys crocea<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Zhang","family":"QingWei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fisheries Zhejiang Ocean University Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Yanjie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College Zhejiang Ocean University Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xie","family":"Jianjun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute Zhejiang China"},{"name":"East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Xiaojun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College Zhejiang Ocean University Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5413-7112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fisheries Zhejiang Ocean University Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1644-2279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu","family":"Peipei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College Zhejiang Ocean University Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071\u2010024\u201006277\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18288"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2026.743638"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"2024 China Fishery Statistical Yearbook","author":"Bureau of Fisheries of the China's Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.17716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.868912"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020471"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.48388"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics\u2014Yearbook 2023","author":"FAO","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379\u20106779(98)00711\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756\u20103305\u20107\u201050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.2.2.200\u2010208.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025700"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2025.101097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182025000496"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000000627"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0074\u201002760170297"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984\u201029612021092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018000951"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Trypanosoma mukasai (HOARE, 1932) in Its Biological Vector Batracobdelloides tricarinata (BLANCHARD, 1897) and Their Life Cycles","volume":"104","author":"Negm\u2010Eldin M. 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