{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:58:58Z","timestamp":1792789138522,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n This study investigated bacterial pathogens associated with disease and mortality in farmed bester sturgeon (\n \n Huso huso<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00d7\n Acipenser ruthenus<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ) reared in freshwater cages in the Vacha Reservoir, Bulgaria. Affected fish exhibited lethargy, anorexia, haemorrhagic skin lesions and multifocal internal pathology. Histological examination revealed hepatic degeneration and vacuolar change, consistent with systemic bacterial infection. Bacterial isolates recovered from blood and internal organs were identified as\n \n Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n A. veronii<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n O139 using culture\u2010based methods, MALDI\u2010TOF MS, species\u2010specific PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Virulence profiling showed that\n \n A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n carried multiple virulence\u2010associated and enterotoxin genes, whereas\n \n A. veronii<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n possessed only aerA. The\n \n V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n O139 isolate lacked ctxA and rfbO1, confirming a non\u2010toxigenic profile. In\u00a0vivo infection trials with clinical sturgeon isolates\n \n A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n HGM24 and\n \n V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n O139 GM24 produced dose\u2010dependent mortality, demonstrating the pathogenic potential of both isolates. This case represents the first concurrent detection and characterisation of\n \n A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n A. veronii<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n O139 in bester sturgeon in Bulgaria. It underscores the importance of integrated diagnostic approaches combining pathogen identification, virulence assessment, histopathology and experimental infection in freshwater aquaculture disease investigations.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:46:58Z","timestamp":1789184818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Isolation and Characterisation of\n Aeromonas hydrophila<\/i>\n ,\n Aeromonas veronii<\/i>\n and\n Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n O139 From Diseased Bester Sturgeon (\n Huso huso<\/i>\n \u00d7\n Acipenser ruthenus<\/i>\n ): A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8313-8691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petya Stefanova","family":"Orozova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseases National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute \u2018Prof. Dr G. Pavlov\u2019 (NDRVMI) Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8717-2890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitar Petrov","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseases National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute \u2018Prof. Dr G. 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