{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:13:55Z","timestamp":1788225235454,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008011","name":"Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["213729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["213729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n This research was designed to explore the immunogenicity of the yersiniosis vaccine and the effect of Ulvan as a natural adjuvant on immune, antioxidant and survival parameters in\n \n Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . A total of 450\n \n O. mykiss<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (mean body weight 52.90\u2009\u00b1\u20092.02\u2009g) were allocated to three experimental treatments, each with three replicate tanks. Treatments were: (1) injectable inactivated\n \n Yersinia ruckeri<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n vaccine (Vac), (2) the same vaccine formulated with Ulvan as an adjuvant (Vac\u2009+\u2009U) and (3) an unvaccinated control group (Ctrl) receiving phosphate\u2010buffered saline (PBS). White blood cells were significantly elevated in all vaccine\u2010treated groups compared with the Ctrl group on days 30 and 60 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001). In contrast, no significant treatment effects were observed for red blood cells (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.1078), haemoglobin (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.2646), or haematocrit (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.2352) at either sampling time. There were no significant treatment impacts on total protein (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.3330) or serum globulin (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.6521) at the 30\u2010 or 60\u2010day samplings. Conversely, serum albumin was notably elevated in the Vac\u2009+\u2009U group relative to the Ctrl at both 30 and 60\u2009days (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0244). Vaccination induced pronounced increases in both serum immune (lysozyme, total immunoglobulin, NBT) and antioxidant (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) parameters at 30 and 60\u2009days post\u2010immunization compared with Ctrls (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Antibody titers against yersiniosis were significantly higher in all vaccine\u2010treated groups than in the Ctrl group at 30 and 60\u2009days post\u2010immunization (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001). Survival rate after a two\u2010week\n \n Y. ruckeri<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n challenge was 73.33% (Vac), 86.66% (Vac\u2009+\u2009U) and 16.66% (Ctrl); survival in the vaccine\u2010treated groups was notably higher than in the Ctrl group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001). The results indicated that both the vaccine and the Vac\u2009+\u2009U formulation enhanced biochemical markers, immune\u2010antioxidant responses, serum antibody titers and survival following challenge with\n \n Y. ruckeri<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n infection. Among the tested groups, the Vac\u2009+\u2009U demonstrated the greatest effectiveness, likely due to the presence of Ulvan as an adjuvant.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:24:35Z","timestamp":1788222275000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ulvan Polysaccharide Enhances the Efficacy of an Injectable\n Yersinia ruckeri<\/i>\n Vaccine in Rainbow Trout (\n Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/i>\n )"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mazandarani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9821-1444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Khanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran"},{"name":"Animal Biological Product Research Group Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran Organization Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Sudagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Paknejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5568-1390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Taheri","family":"Mirghaed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Kavousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Golestan Province Veterinary Directorate Iran Veterinary Organization Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.10.011","article-title":"Efficiency of Monovalent and Polyvalent Vibrio Alginolyticus and \n Vibrio parahaemolyticus\n Vaccines on the Immune Response and Protection in Gilthead Sea Bream, \n Sparus aurata\n (L.) Against Vibriosis","volume":"111","author":"Aly S. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8030(92)90067-8","article-title":"Immunostimulants, Adjuvants, and Vaccine Carriers in Fish: Applications to Aquaculture","volume":"2","author":"Anderson D. P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annual Review of Fish Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"Anderson D. P. andA. K.Siwicki.1995.\u201cBasic Hematology and Serology for Fish Health Programs.\u201d"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-016-0903-7","article-title":"The Dietary Effect of Ulvan From Ulva Clathrata on Hematological\u2010Immunological Parameters and Growth of Tilapia (\n Oreochromis niloticus\n )","volume":"29","author":"Roc\u00edo Quezada\u2010Rodr\u00edguez P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Phycology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.05.029","article-title":"Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of \n Yersinia ruckeri\n Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Encapsulated by Alginate\u2010Chitosan Micro\/Nanoparticles in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhyncus Mykiss)","volume":"104","author":"Dezfuly Z. T.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-023-10081-6","article-title":"Efficacy of Polyvalent Vaccine on Immune Response and Disease Resistance Against Streptococcosis\/Lactococcosis and Yersiniosis in Rainbow Trout (\n Oncorhynchus mykiss\n )","volume":"47","author":"Erfanmanesh A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Veterinary Research Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-03935-x","article-title":"Immuno\u2010Protective Response of Asian Seabass (\n Lates calcarifer\n ) to Inactivated Vaccines Against Streptococcus Iniae and \n Vibrio harveyi","volume":"20","author":"Erfanmanesh A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.10.030","article-title":"Fish Hematology Analysis as an Important Tool of Aquaculture: A Review","volume":"500","author":"Fazio F.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2025.104342","article-title":"Dietary Crude Ulvan From \n Ulva intestinalis\n Enhances Growth, Salinity Stress Tolerance, and Immunity Against \n Vibrio harveyi\n in Early Juvenile Milkfish \n Chanos chanos","volume":"91","author":"Gayosa V. E. D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Algal Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(91)90067-M","article-title":"A Simple Method for Determination of Serum Catalase Activity and Revision of Reference Range","volume":"196","author":"Goth L.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Fish Hematology and Associated Disorders","volume":"18","author":"Grant K. 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M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2026.111492","article-title":"Screening of Immune Adjuvants for an Attenuated Live Vaccine Derived From the \n Aeromonas veronii\n TH0426 Strain With a hisJ Gene Deletion and Evaluation of Its Immune Protection in Crucian Carp","volume":"176","author":"Huang Q.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109008","article-title":"Vaccination With Bacterial Ghosts of Streptococcus Iniae and \n Lactococcus garvieae\n Originated From Outbreak of Marine Fish Streptococcosis, Induce Potential Protection Against the Disease in Nile Tilapia, \n Oreochromis niloticus\n (Linnaeus, 1758)","volume":"141","author":"Hussein M. M. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11020470","article-title":"Bacterial Pathogenesis in Various Fish Diseases: Recent Advances and Specific Challenges in Vaccine Development","volume":"11","author":"Irshath A. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29535","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-12693-4","article-title":"The Effects of Dietary Clinoptilolite and Chitosan Nanoparticles on Growth, Body Composition, Haemato\u2010Biochemical Parameters, Immune Responses, and Antioxidative Status of Nile Tilapia Exposed to Imidacloprid","volume":"28","author":"Ismael N. E. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03562-9","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging","volume":"97","author":"Jomova K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Archives of Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/anu\/4057455","article-title":"Ellagic Acid and Pomegranate (\n Punica granatum\n ) Peel Powder Enhances Growth and Health Performance in Nile Tilapia (\n Oreochromis niloticus\n )","volume":"1","author":"Khanzadeh M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquaculture Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2025-0101","article-title":"Fish Vaccination: Differences Between Monovalent and Polyvalent Bacterial Vaccines","author":"Khanzadeh M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annals of Animal Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-025-03759-2","article-title":"Effects of Fucoidan, Ulvan, Carrageenan, and Their Combination on Growth, Immunity, Digestive Enzymes, and Antioxidant Status in Common Carp (\n Cyprinus carpio\n )","volume":"34","author":"Khanzadeh M.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2003.11.036","article-title":"Effect of Immunization With Two Commercial Vaccines on Feed Intake, Growth, and Lysozyme Activity in European Whitefish (\n Coregonus lavaretus\n L.)","volume":"234","author":"Koskela J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-7320-6_5","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquaculture and Aquatic Environments","author":"Lakshmi S.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735259","article-title":"The Efficacy and Side\u2010Effects of Oil\u2010Based Adjuvants Emulsified \n Vibrio anguillarum\n Bivalent Inactivated Vaccine in Turbot (\n Scophthalmus maximus\n ) Under Production Mode","volume":"524","author":"Li J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2024.2435373","article-title":"Progress and Prospect of Polysaccharides as Adjuvants in Vaccine Development","volume":"15","author":"Liang X.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109353","article-title":"Immune Response and Protective Efficacy of \n Streptococcus agalactiae\n Vaccine Coated With Chitosan Oligosaccharide for Different Immunization Strategy in Nile Tilapia (\n Oreochromis niloticus\n )","volume":"145","author":"Lu C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7110569","article-title":"A Review of Fish Vaccine Development Strategies: Conventional Methods and Modern Biotechnological Approaches","volume":"7","author":"Ma J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/anu\/5746972","article-title":"Multifaceted Role of Probiotics in Enhancing Health and Growth of Aquatic Animals: Mechanisms, Benefits, and Applications in Sustainable Aquaculture\u2014A Review and Bibliometric Analysis","volume":"2025","author":"Madhulika","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquaculture Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.110659","article-title":"Immunogenicity and Seasonal Effect of Formalin\u2010Killed Bivalent Vaccines Against Streptococcus Iniae and \n Yersinia ruckeri\n in Rainbow Trout (\n Oncorhynchus mykiss\n ) Under Farm Conditions","volume":"166","author":"Mazandarani M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9040368","article-title":"Vaccine Efficacy of a Newly Developed Feed\u2010Based Whole\u2010Cell Polyvalent Vaccine Against Vibriosis, Streptococcosis and Motile Aeromonad Septicemia in Asian Seabass, \n Lates calcarifer","volume":"9","author":"Mohamad A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14060598","article-title":"Antibiotic Resistance in Aquaculture: Challenges, Trends Analysis, and Alternative Approaches","volume":"14","author":"Mohammed E. A. H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-022-00884-w","article-title":"A Review on the Recent Advances and Application of Vaccines Against Fish Pathogens in Aquaculture","volume":"30","author":"Mondal H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture International"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe2592","article-title":"Aquaculture Mediates Global Transmission of a Viral Pathogen to Wild Salmon","volume":"7","author":"Mordecai G. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13081903","article-title":"Effectiveness of Feed\u2010Based Monovalent Aeromonas Vaccine in Farmed Carp","volume":"13","author":"Mubeen N.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15102373","article-title":"Polysaccharides\u2014Naturally Occurring Immune Modulators","volume":"15","author":"Murphy E. 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