{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:17:52Z","timestamp":1787966272207,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Non\u2010medicinal approaches for controlling sea lice (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Lepeophtheirus salmonis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) infestations, such as freshwater (FW) treatments, have been increasingly implemented to support more sustainable parasite control in aquaculture. This study evaluated the efficacy of FW treatment against sea lice under controlled experimental conditions and assessed the potential development of resistance across multiple generations. Sea lice populations were maintained over five consecutive generations, and FW efficacy was evaluated by quantifying lice abundance on Atlantic salmon before and after treatment. Resistance assessment involved comparative bioassays using copepodid and adult life stages from two distinct populations, one exposed to FW and the other a saltwater (SW) control group. Our results demonstrated that a 4\u2009h FW treatment significantly reduced total lice abundance, while an extended 18\u2010day exposure resulted in complete detachment of all lice from salmon. Importantly, bioassay comparisons revealed no evidence of resistance development, as both FW\u2010exposed and SW\u2010control populations maintained similar susceptibility across generations. The absence of measurable changes in salinity tolerance over multiple generations suggests that FW protocols may remain a viable and sustainable management strategy. However, the potential for genetic or epigenetic variation in FW tolerance among lice populations warrants further investigation to better understand long\u2010term implications for treatment efficacy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:10:11Z","timestamp":1787965811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Salinity Tolerance in\n                    <i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis<\/i>\n                    Following Five Generations of Freshwater Treatment Selection"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1191-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Ghanei\u2010Motlagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoplite Research Lab, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"},{"name":"Huntsman Marine Science Centre  St. Andrews New Brunswick Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2830-4609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shona K.","family":"Whyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoplite Research Lab, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6215-4799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Soto\u2010D\u00e1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoplite Research Lab, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"},{"name":"Laboratorio Institucional de Investigaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n  Puerto Montt Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7242-9761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyesun","family":"Fajei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoplite Research Lab, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maricruz","family":"Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoplite Research Lab, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5088-2185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber F.","family":"Garber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoplite Research Lab, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"},{"name":"Huntsman Marine Science Centre  St. Andrews New Brunswick Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gro","family":"Vee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mowi ASA Global R&amp;D and Technical  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preben R.","family":"Antonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mowi ASA Global R&amp;D and Technical  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mowi ASA Global R&amp;D and Technical  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6382-8193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark D.","family":"Fast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoplite Research Lab, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island  Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734511"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2016.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"136","article-title":"The Effect of Marine Water of Different Salinity on \n                     Lepeophtheirus salmonis\n                  , Ectoparasite of Salmon (In Russian)","volume":"4","author":"Berger V. 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F.2024.\u201cEffects of Freshwater Delousing on Hatching Success Larval Development and Tolerance to Low Salinities in Salmon Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis).\u201dMaster's thesis NTNU."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044\u20108486(02)00339\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201043533\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","first-page":"294","volume-title":"Sea Lice Biology and Control","author":"Sturm A.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12040602"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499\u2010023\u201001167\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","unstructured":"Thorstad E. B. C. D.Todd P. A.Bj\u00f8rn et\u00a0al.2014.\u201cEffects of Salmon Lice on Sea Trout.\u201dNINA Report 1044: 1\u201375."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102761.2000.00219.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022\u20101112.2004.00414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2023.106062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao01887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2013.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12452"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfd.70282","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jfd.70282","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfd.70282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:10:14Z","timestamp":1787965814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfd.70282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfd.70282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfd.70282","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7775","1365-2761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7775","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70282"}}