{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:11:23Z","timestamp":1790255483590,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019412","name":"Bursa Uluda\u011f \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Flavobacterium psychrophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , the causative agent of bacterial cold\u2010water disease (BCWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS), remains one of the most important bacterial pathogens affecting salmonid aquaculture. In this study, 24\u2009\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>F. psychrophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    isolates recovered during a 12\u2010month surveillance programme from two rainbow trout farms in T\u00fcrkiye were characterized using phenotypic, serological, antigenic, phylogenomic and experimental infection approaches. Phylogenomic analyses showed that most isolates belonged to CC\u2010ST10, whereas four isolates were assigned to the CC\u2010ST90\/ST108 lineage, representing the first report of this lineage in T\u00fcrkiye. Comparative genomic analysis revealed extensive conservation of virulence\u2010associated loci, with only FP0006 and FP0506 showing variable distribution among isolates. Notably, FP0506 was absent exclusively from ST108\/CC\u2010ST90 isolates. Experimental immersion challenge assays demonstrated that all selected isolates were able to induce mortality in rainbow trout under the conditions tested. However, isolate\u2010dependent differences in survival were not statistically significant in the standard immersion model and became more evident following H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    pre\u2010treatment, with the FP1 group showing the lowest survival. These findings suggest that in\u00a0vivo pathogenicity may be influenced by host barrier status and cannot be fully predicted by phylogenomic lineage, serotype or in\u00a0vitro virulence\u2010associated phenotypes alone. Phenotypic serotyping identified Th as the predominant serotype, although discrepancies were observed between phenotypic and genome\u2010based serotype classifications. Whole\u2010cell protein profiling and Western blot analyses revealed both antigenic heterogeneity and conserved immunoreactive structures across phylogenetically distinct isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a high proportion of non\u2010wild\u2010type phenotypes for oxytetracycline, florfenicol and enrofloxacin; however, no acquired antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by genome\u2010based screening. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Turkish\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>F. psychrophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    populations are phylogenomically diverse but retain largely conserved virulence\u2010associated loci and immunoreactive antigenic structures. This study provides the first evidence of the CC\u2010ST90\/ST108 lineage in T\u00fcrkiye and highlights the value of integrating genomic, serological, phenotypic, antigenic and experimental infection data for understanding the population structure, serotype heterogeneity and pathogenic potential of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>F. psychrophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in rainbow trout aquaculture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:55:46Z","timestamp":1790254546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phylogenomic Diversity, Serotype Heterogeneity and In\u00a0Vivo Virulence of\n                    <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum<\/i>\n                    Isolates From Rainbow Trout Farms in T\u00fcrkiye"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9096-875X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soner","family":"Altun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4584-5097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gorkem","family":"Tasci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Graduate School of Health Sciences Bursa Uludag University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0929-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. Can","family":"Bozaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Graduate School of Health Sciences Bursa Uludag University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5368-4819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nihed","family":"Ajmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Graduate School of Health Sciences Bursa Uludag University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7707-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed","family":"Duman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5428-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuneyt","family":"Ozakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3544-3509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazmiye Ulku","family":"Tuzemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Bursa Uludag University  Bursa T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9077-9438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebahattin","family":"Erg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology Faculty \u00c7anakkale Onsekiz Mart University  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