{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:02:53Z","timestamp":1790708573596,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tilapia (\n                    <jats:italic>Oreochromis<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.) is an increasingly popular aquacultured fish worldwide. While tilapia enjoy a \u2018hardy\u2010fish\u2019 reputation among fish farmers, they are susceptible to a variety of infectious diseases that can be difficult to recognize pondside and have similarities in their gross presentations. This report describes gross and microscopic dermal, renal, and splenic granulomas; isolation and identification of\n                    <jats:italic>Francisella orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; intervention; and resolution of a\n                    <jats:italic>F. orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    outbreak in an aquaculture farm in the North Central United States where\n                    <jats:italic>F. orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    has not been reported previously. The outbreak resulted in peak daily mortality rates of approximately 2.7%. This case report highlights the current benefits of aquatic species\u2010focused diagnostic testing for fish farmers at veterinary diagnostic labs and provides an anecdotal clinical example of a resolved francisellosis outbreak potentially influenced by increasing the water temperature.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.70297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:30:39Z","timestamp":1790692239000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Francisella orientalis<\/i>\n                    in Aquacultured Tilapia (\n                    <i>Oreochromis<\/i>\n                    spp.): A Case Work\u2010Up of Diagnostics and Pathologic Findings in the North Central Region (\n                    <scp>USA<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6387-2235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. E.","family":"Edmonds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4320-8882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. O.","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Q.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4678-7258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Kamonchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Kebus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. P.","family":"Pessier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. B.","family":"Waltzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3866-5369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. R.","family":"Snekvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaf.2021.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/57946"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Boyd C. E.2004.\u201cFarm\u2010Level Issues in Aquaculture Certification: Tilapia.\u201dWWF\u2010US."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1297\u20109716\u201042\u201047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"462","volume-title":"Southern Regional Aquaculture Center","author":"Durborow R. M.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558\u20105646.1985.tb00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.14105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713\u201044\u20101\u201038"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"A Review of Global Tilapia Farming Practices","author":"Gupta M. V.","year":"2004","journal-title":"World Fish Center"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12743"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-001-0399-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095\u20108649.2007.01596.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08997659.2015.1135198"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03803"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.25.01.0037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01731581"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735726"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735849"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"Mauel M. J.2010.\u201cFish Health Section Blue Book.\u201dFrancisella\u2010like Bacterium (FLB) Piscirickettsia\u2010like Organism (PLO) Rickettsia\u2010like Organism (RLO)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","volume-title":"AVMA Guidelines for the Humane Slaughter of Animals: 2024 Edition","author":"Meyer R.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118786758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103548"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","unstructured":"Shoemaker C. A. B. R.LaFrentz J. C.Garc\u00eda D.Xu andB. H.Beck.2020.\u201cFish Health Section Blue Book: Suggested Procedures for the Detection and Identification of Certain Finfish and Shellfish Pathogens.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02533"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638711407058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102761.2009.01070.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2014\u20100059R.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1226068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.70156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","volume-title":"Fish Diseases and Disorders","author":"Woo P. T. 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