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Inflammatory bowel disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010associated lymphomas are typically <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content>, while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>odgkin's lymphomas are rare.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> patients not on immunosuppression, the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content> seems to be similar or slightly higher than the background population risk. Thiopurine therapy is associated with an increased risk: the relative risk is increased four\u2010 to sixfold and the absolute risk varies between 1 in 4000\u20135000 for those aged 20\u201329 to 1 in 300\u2013400 in those over 70. It is difficult to quantify the risk of anti\u2010 tumor necrosis factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>) therapy alone; however, it appears to be less than for thiopurines alone.<\/jats:p><jats:p>There is particular concern regarding the development of post\u2010transplant\u2010like <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content> in those with latent epstein\u2010barr virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection exposed to immunosuppressives, the occurrence of hepatosplenic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cell lymphoma in patients treated with combination anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content> and thiopurine therapy, and the development of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in those who acquire a primary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content> or other infections while on immunosuppressive medication. There are currently no guidelines for monitoring <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content> (or other virus) status in patients on immunosuppression, although it could be used to monitor those who have a prior history of lymphoma and are about to start a thiopurine or anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content> agent.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In discussing the risks of lymphoproliferative disorders associated with agents used for the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>, patients can often be reassured that the benefits of such therapy still outweigh the small, but real, risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]],"date-time":"2012-10-24T12:48:12Z","timestamp":1351082892000},"page":"24-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Lymphoma and other lymphoproliferative disorders in inflammatory bowel disease: A review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kavitha","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit Canberra Hospital  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"D'Rozario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Haematology Canberra Hospital  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Pavli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit Canberra Hospital  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-077982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-293050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Risk of lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"8","author":"Lewis JD","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. 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