{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T15:28:30Z","timestamp":1759159710140,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,22]],"date-time":"2013-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81000759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81000759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fuzhou Municipal Science and Technology Projects of China","award":["2009G102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009G102"]}]},{"name":"National 11th Five-Year Special Grand Project for Infectious Diseases","award":["20082x10002-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20082x10002-005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>The cause of hepatitis B<\/jats:styled-content> virus associated acute\u2010on\u2010chronic liver failure (ACLF<\/jats:styled-content>) remains unclear. Quasispecies can contribute to virus persistence and pathogenesis. We used a bioinformatics\u2010based molecular evolution approach to compare quasispecies characteristics and positive selection sites within HBV<\/jats:styled-content> precore\/core gene between ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> and chronic hepatitis B<\/jats:styled-content> (CHB<\/jats:styled-content>) patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>HBV<\/jats:styled-content> precore\/core gene were amplified from 11 ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> and 10 CHB<\/jats:styled-content> patients harboring HBV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype B<\/jats:styled-content>; following DNA<\/jats:styled-content> cloning and sequencing quasispecies complexity, diversity, and positive selection sites within the precore\/core gene were determined by bioinformatics analysis, and compared between the patient groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Both quasispecies complexity (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022 at nucleotide level and 0.008 at amino acid level) and diversity (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.05) were found to be significantly greater in ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> than in CHB<\/jats:styled-content>. The frequency of G<\/jats:styled-content>1896\/A mutation in ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> (175\/298 clones, 58.7%) was also significantly higher than in CHB<\/jats:styled-content> (100\/230 clones, 43.5%) (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0005). Moreover, analysis of positive selection revealed that significantly more patients with such sites were present in ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> than in CHB<\/jats:styled-content> (8\/11 VS<\/jats:styled-content> 2\/10, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03); the majority of these positive selection sites lay within HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010restricted epitopes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The ACLF<\/jats:styled-content> patients showed distinct quasispecies characteristics with higher complexity and diversity within the HBV<\/jats:styled-content> precore\/core gene. The increased HBV<\/jats:styled-content> quasispecies complexity and diversity, together with a distinct set of positive selection sites, is likely associated with the development of ACLF<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T11:42:34Z","timestamp":1356608554000},"page":"1040-1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Distinct quasispecies characteristics and positive selection within precore\/core gene in hepatitis B<\/scp> virus HBV<\/scp> associated acute\u2010on\u2010chronic liver failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 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