{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:46:49Z","timestamp":1787960809301,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]],"date-time":"2013-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission","award":["D121100003912003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D121100003912003"]}]},{"name":"Major State Basic Research Development Program","award":["2013ZX10002004-001-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013ZX10002004-001-001"]}]},{"name":"Major State Basic Research Development Program","award":["2013ZX10002004-002-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013ZX10002004-002-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" position=\"anchor\" xlink:href=\"urn:x-wiley:08159319:media:jgh12220:jgh12220-fig-5001\"><jats:alt-text>graphic<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><jats:p>A high rate of chronic hepatitis B virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hina is mainly caused by perinatal or early childhood transmission. Administration of universal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> vaccination in infants has led to a dramatic decrease in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> epidemiology, with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence declining from 9.75% in 1992 to 7.18% in 2006. The major <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> genotypes are <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>, with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> being more prevalent in the southern part and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> more prevalent in the northern part of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hina. A national survey carried out in 1992 showed that the hepatitis C virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection rate was 3.20% in general population in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hina. After implementation of mandatory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> screening for blood transfusion and other precautions to prevent blood\u2010borne disease since 1993, the new cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection associated with blood or blood product has become very rare. Although the anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence would be much higher in high\u2010risk groups, a survey carried in 2006 showed that the anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence rate was only 0.43% in general population. This sharp decline in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection rate was mainly due to stringent administration and monitoring of blood donors and blood products, but may also be related to the remarkably improved specificity of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> test. The predominant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hina is genotype 1b (60\u201370%), and the host interleukin\u201028b rs12979860 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content> genotype is very frequent in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hinese population (over 80%).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T04:54:41Z","timestamp":1373950481000},"page":"7-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":250,"title":["Update on epidemiology of hepatitis <scp>B<\/scp> and <scp>C<\/scp> in <scp>C<\/scp>hina"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Research Center Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jidong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Research Center Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-4346(96)82012-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.10.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599332"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.06.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.08.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.01.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2010.517354"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810001597"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"385","article-title":"Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination on hepatitis B prevention and on hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Li RC","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"4178","article-title":"Characterization of hepatitis B virus genotypes\/subgenotypes in 1301 patients with chronic hepatitis B in North China","volume":"124","author":"Li XD","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. 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