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It is commonly accepted that omega\u20103 polyunsaturated fatty acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content>) is beneficial on ischemic heart disease or rheumatic arthritis. On the contrary, effect of omega\u20103\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>rohn's disease remained controversial. That effect of omega\u20103 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> differs according to the location of inflamed intestine was hypothesized. To elucidate this hypothesis, to investigate the role of dietary fat on disease activity in different kind of murine models of intestinal inflammatory diseases was planned. The effect of omega\u20103 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> on small intestinal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>rohn's disease model and large intestinal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>rohn's disease model of mice. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hronic colitis model <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>57<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>\/6 mice received two cycles of dextran sodium sulfate solution treatment to induce chronic colitis. Feeding of omega\u20103 fat\u2010rich diets exacerbated colitis with decrease in adiponectin expression. Chronic small intestinal inflammation model: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAMP<\/jats:styled-content>1\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y<\/jats:styled-content>it mice showed remarkable inflammation of the terminal ileum spontaneously. Feeding of omega\u20103 fat\u2010rich diets for 16 weeks significantly ameliorated the inflammation of the terminal ileum. Enhanced infiltration of leukocytes and expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule\u20101 in intestinal mucosa was significantly decreased by omega\u20103 fat\u2010rich diets treatment. Omega\u20103 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> has dual role, pro\u2010\/anti\u2010inflammatory, on intestinal inflammatory diseases. The role of omega\u20103 fat and the potential for immunonutrition in inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]],"date-time":"2013-11-20T05:21:47Z","timestamp":1384924907000},"page":"33-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effect of dietary fat on intestinal inflammatory diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ryota","family":"Hokari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Tokorozawa Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisayuki","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Tokorozawa Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Tokorozawa Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109263251306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020831"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90734-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35079114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35079107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.5.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529609010352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.3.611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200302000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00602.x","article-title":"Modulation of intestinal immune system by dietary fat intake: relevance to Crohn disease","volume":"13","author":"Miura S","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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