{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:03:12Z","timestamp":1791331392353,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]],"date-time":"2013-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The human gastrointestinal tract harbors trillions of bacteria, most of which are commensal and have adapted over time to the milieu of the human colon. Their many metabolic interactions with each other, and with the human host, influence human nutrition and metabolism in diverse ways. Our understanding of these influences has come through breakthroughs in the molecular profiling of the phylogeny and the metabolic capacities of the microbiota. The gut microbiota produce a variety of nutrients including short\u2010chain fatty acids, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> vitamins, and vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>. Because of their ability to interact with receptors on epithelial cells and subepithelial cells, the microbiota also release a number of cellular factors that influence human metabolism. Thus, they have potential roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cognition, which extend well beyond their traditional contribution to nutrition. This review explores the roles of the gut microbiota in human nutrition and metabolism, and the putative mechanisms underlying these effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]],"date-time":"2013-11-20T05:21:47Z","timestamp":1384924907000},"page":"9-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":468,"title":["Role of the gut microbiota in human nutrition and metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Balakrishnan S","family":"Ramakrishna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology SRM Institutes of Medical Science  Chennai India"},{"name":"Flinders University of South Australia  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31802fba68"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32835a3493"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00048.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10213"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3283561133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09944"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1208344"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002563"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"721","article-title":"Faecal bifidobacteria in Indian neonates & the effect of asymptomatic rotavirus infection during the first month of life","volume":"132","author":"Balamurugan R","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044595"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2013.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26511"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000171266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201100542"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.6.620"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2012.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/283781a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Starches, resistant starches, the gut microflora and human health","volume":"1","author":"Bird AR","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2010.512671"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.19897"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2010.0041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02172.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607110378410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.4.792"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00388.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2010.00365.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2008.01815.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2009.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.11.4848-4854.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.100494"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09646"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407076101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504978102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr8009885"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509992182"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2012.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-012-9244-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2012.02845.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07540"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005687"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533611436116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32833a8b60"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.010132"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.10.6438-6442.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808567105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Male mice that lack the G\u2010protein\u2010coupled receptor GPR41 have low energy expenditure and increased body fat content","volume":"31","author":"Bellahcene M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035240"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605374104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20466"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047713"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.53792"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2006.048579"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00307.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05723.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004347"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00228"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510001637"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.11.2513S"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN\/2002535"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/121.11.1730"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5030829"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2012.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001212"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11552"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510003740"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(95)00107-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/124.4.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19950123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr300637d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2013.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00190.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060042"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgh.12294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgh.12294","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.12294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T05:59:47Z","timestamp":1694498387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.12294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.12294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.12294","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-05-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-11-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}