{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T04:18:04Z","timestamp":1776745084953,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]],"date-time":"2014-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20110373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20110373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epithelial\u2010mesenchymal transition (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMT<\/jats:styled-content>) of biliary epithelial cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BECs<\/jats:styled-content>) plays major roles in many cholangiopathies. This study evaluated whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMT<\/jats:styled-content> of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BECs<\/jats:styled-content> has a role in hepatolithiasis\u2010induced biliary fibrosis and types of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BECs<\/jats:styled-content> that are involved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related proteins and epidermal growth factor receptor was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of liver tissues from 102 patients with hepatolithiasis, 32 patients with post\u2010hepatitis cirrhosis, and 48 normal livers. Antibodies against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cadherin, \u03b2\u2010catenin, and cytokeratin were used to identify epithelial cells and antibodies against vimentin, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>100<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>4, podoplanin, and \u03b1\u2010smooth muscle actin (\u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>) were used to identify mesenchymal cells. The relationship between clinical and histological parameters and immunohistochemistry findings in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BECs<\/jats:styled-content>, and the surrounding stroma were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Loss of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cadherin and acquisition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>100<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>4 and vimentin were observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BECs<\/jats:styled-content>. In all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BECs<\/jats:styled-content>, cytokeratin and \u03b2\u2010catenin expression were unchanged, while podoplanin and \u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content> were not expressed. Although hepatic fibrosis was more severe in post\u2010hepatitis cirrhosis, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMT<\/jats:styled-content> of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BECs<\/jats:styled-content> was more widespread in hepatolithiasis. In hepatolithiasis, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related proteins were more highly expressed in small bile ducts than in medium or large bile ducts. Their expression was associated with the severity of biliary fibrosis and the expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor. Expression of \u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content> in fibroblasts from the portal space was closely linked to pathological changes in small bile ducts and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related protein expressions in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BECs<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proliferating cholangiocytes that form small bile ducts may contribute to cholangiopathies in hepatolithiasis through an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like phenomenon or through interactions with stromal myofibroblasts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]],"date-time":"2013-08-08T15:21:30Z","timestamp":1375975290000},"page":"395-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Epithelial\u2010mesenchymal transition\u2010related protein expression in biliary epithelial cells associated with hepatolithiasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Rohyun","family":"Sung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute  Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Research Center Aerospace Medical Center  Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meiying","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute  Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joung\u2010Ho","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute  Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Ho","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute  Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute  Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae\u2010Woon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute  Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute  Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seon Mee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute  Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399409000994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200320530"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700537"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"3331","article-title":"Hedgehog signaling regulates epithelial\u2010mesenchymal transition during biliary fibrosis in rodents and humans","volume":"118","author":"Omenetti A","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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