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Subsequent reports revealed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>IL28B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> genotypes also affect treatment efficacy in chronic infection with other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> genotypes. Furthermore, there have been several reports that implicate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>IL28B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> genotypes in inflammatory status, progression of fibrosis and adverse clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHC<\/jats:styled-content>). Therapy of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHC<\/jats:styled-content> recently entered a new era with the deployment of direct\u2010acting antivirals. These include nonstructural 3\/4<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> protease inhibitors which have shown promise in combination with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG\u2010IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBV<\/jats:styled-content> in several clinical trials. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010free therapy is expected to be useful especially in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010resistant patients and may become the standard of care in the future. Several clinical trials have revealed an association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>IL28B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> genotype and treatment efficacy in triple therapy or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010free regimens. On the other hand the mechanism of the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>IL28B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection has not yet been elucidated. Recently, it was shown that the polymorphism of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010lambda 4 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>IFNL4<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) is in high linkage disequilibrium with that of near <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>IL28B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, and more strongly associated with spontaneous or treatment\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> clearance than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>IL28B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> genotypes, especially in individuals of African ancestry. This finding provides new insights into the genetic regulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> clearance and its clinical management. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>IL28B<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> genotyping will be also useful for personalized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHC<\/jats:styled-content> treatment in the forthcoming era of direct\u2010acting antivirals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]],"date-time":"2013-12-11T02:24:51Z","timestamp":1386728691000},"page":"241-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Role of <scp><i>IL28B<\/i><\/scp> for chronic hepatitis <scp>C<\/scp> treatment toward personalized 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