{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:26:12Z","timestamp":1792452372852,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]],"date-time":"2014-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare of Japan"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["271000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["271000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Grant of National Center for Global Health and Medicine","award":["22-302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n The effects of various medications on lower gastrointestinal tract remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (\n NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s), low\u2010dose aspirin, and antiplatelet drugs associated with diverticular bleeding.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This prospective study involved patients with diverticulosis who underwent colonoscopy. Alcohol and smoking, medications, and\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n harlson comorbidity index and\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n astrointestinal\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n ymptom\n R<\/jats:styled-content>\n ating\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n cale scores were assessed. The medications evaluated were nine kinds of\n NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, two kinds of low\u2010dose aspirin, 10 kinds of nonaspirin antiplatelet drugs, three kinds of anticoagulants, acetaminophen, and corticosteroids. Adjusted odds ratios (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were estimated by a logistic regression model.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 911 patients with non\u2010bleeding diverticula (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009758) and bleeding diverticula (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009153) were enrolled. Independent risk factors were alcohol consumption (light drinker,\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.4; \u2265\u2009moderate drinker,\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.3), smoking index (\u2265\u2009400,\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.0),\n NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4.6), low\u2010dose aspirin (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.9), and nonaspirin antiplatelet drugs (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.2). The drugs significantly associated with bleeding were loxoprofen (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 5.0), diclofenac (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.1), diclofenac suppository (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 8.0), etodolac (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4.9), enteric\u2010coated aspirin (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.9), buffered aspirin (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 9.9), clopidogrel (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.5), and cilostazol (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 7.3). Dual therapy carried a higher risk than monotherapy (single\n NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.6,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01; dual,\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 23,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01; single antiplatelet drug,\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.0,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01; dual,\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4.1,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Besides alcohol and smoking,\n NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, low\u2010dose aspirin, and antiplatelet drugs are risk factors for diverticular bleeding. The magnitude of risk may differ between different kinds of\n NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s and antiplatelet drugs, and dual therapy with\n NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s or antiplatelet drugs increases the risk of bleeding.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T02:48:53Z","timestamp":1397184533000},"page":"1786-1793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Colonic diverticular hemorrhage associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs, low\u2010dose aspirin, antiplatelet drugs, and dual therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Naoyoshi","family":"Nagata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology International Clinical Research Center Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Niikura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology International Clinical Research Center Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology International Clinical Research Center Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuro","family":"Shimbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research and Informatics International Clinical Research Center Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo 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Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology International Clinical Research Center Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology International Clinical Research Center Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chizu","family":"Yokoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology International Clinical Research Center Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo 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