{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T09:44:43Z","timestamp":1696239883108},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]],"date-time":"2014-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the clinical features of cardia varices (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<\/jats:styled-content>). The aim was to examine the background, bleeding risk, and post\u2010treatment outcomes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with portal hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The subjects of this retrospective study were 277 patients (179 males, 98 females, 62.9\u2009\u00b1\u200911.5 years) with esophageal varices (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content>). In patients with CV, there were 65 bleeders, and 95 patients received endoscopic treatment for primary or secondary prophylaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 147 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<\/jats:styled-content> (53.1%). The higher grade of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and the lower grade of gastric fundal varices (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FV<\/jats:styled-content>) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046) were significant factors for the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<\/jats:styled-content>. Significant risk factors for bleeding were: the higher grade of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), red sign on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), lower albumin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hild\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ugh B\/C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content> and red sign on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and use of non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAID<\/jats:styled-content>s)\/aspirin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<\/jats:styled-content>. All <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<\/jats:styled-content> disappeared by sclerotherapy combined with argon plasma coagulation or band ligation, and 20 patients (21.1%) in EV and 18 patients (18.9%) in CV had recurrences during the median observation period of 19.4 months. There was no significant difference in the cumulative survival rate between non\u2010bleeders, bleeders from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content>, and those from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<\/jats:styled-content> were closely associated with advanced grade of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content> and less\u2010advanced grade of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FV<\/jats:styled-content>. Further, usage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSAIDs<\/jats:styled-content>\/aspirin and red sign were significantly related to the bleeding from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<\/jats:styled-content>, suggesting the need for careful management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T10:55:46Z","timestamp":1402311346000},"page":"1911-1918","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Similarities and differences in the clinical features between cardia varices and esophageal varices"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Kondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Kiyono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Sekimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taro","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidehiro","family":"Okugawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Yoshizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Yokosuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21907"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0901512"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20339"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50385"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(05)70186-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00420-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07637.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"526","article-title":"Ethanolamine oleate versus absolute alcohol as a variceal sclerosant: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"Sarin SK","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. 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