{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T10:59:57Z","timestamp":1792839597248,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,24]],"date-time":"2015-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Serum testosterone is reduced in up to 90% of men with cirrhosis, with levels falling as liver disease advances. Testosterone is an important anabolic hormone, with effects on muscle, bone, and hematopoiesis. Many of the features of advanced liver disease are similar to those seen in hypogonadal men, including sarcopenia, osteoporosis, gynecomastia, and low libido. However, the relative contribution of testosterone deficiency to the symptomatology of advanced liver disease has not been well established. More recently, it has been demonstrated that low testosterone in men with cirrhosis is associated with increased mortality, independent of the classically recognized prognostic factors, such as the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    odel for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    nd\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    tage\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    iver\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    isease score. Only several small clinical trials have examined the role of testosterone therapy in men with cirrhosis, none of which have resolved the issue of whether or not testosterone is beneficial. However, in men with organic hypogonadism due to structural hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular axis disease, testosterone therapy has been shown to improve muscle mass and bone mineral density, increase hemoglobin, and reduce insulin resistance. Despite initial concerns linking testosterone with hepatocellular carcinoma, more recent data suggest that this risk has been overstated. There is, therefore, now a strong rationale to assess the efficacy and safety of testosterone therapy in cirrhosis in well\u2010designed randomized controlled trials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,4]],"date-time":"2014-08-04T07:01:09Z","timestamp":1407135669000},"page":"244-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Testosterone in men with advanced liver disease: Abnormalities and implications"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Transplant Unit The Austin Hospital  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Austin Health The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathis","family":"Grossmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit The Austin Hospital  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Austin Health The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J","family":"Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Transplant Unit The Austin Hospital  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Austin Health The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W","family":"Angus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Transplant Unit The Austin Hospital  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Austin Health The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02040.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199744121.001.0001","volume-title":"Textbook of Endocrine Physiology","author":"Kovacs WJ","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.10.6079"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.9.3276"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.281.6.E1172"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00370.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00301598"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.10.4319"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031110"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.6.1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1649"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/tam.6.1.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0393"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1202774"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2575"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1692"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0864"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20419"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-32"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000130"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0962"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-3012"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2177"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1137"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980170094"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200305000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140312"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.17.5.345"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-4666(05)80001-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-104-5-648"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/240038a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02782811"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_36_1","first-page":"866, 8","article-title":"A study on endocrine dysfunction in adult males with liver cirrhosis","volume":"107","author":"Bandyopadhyay SK","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Indian Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-40-6-1018"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.17.6.426"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199302183280708"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/34.6.903"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-87-4-398"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2012.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.20533"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v3.i5.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41403.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i18.2265"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060502"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(60)92566-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1977.tb02314.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003045.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-65-4-738"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2011.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-007-9041-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_56_1","first-page":"790","article-title":"Elevated serum testosterone levels and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"53","author":"Yu MW","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_57_1","first-page":"5106","article-title":"Serum testosterone:estradiol ratio and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma among male cirrhotic patients","volume":"60","author":"Tanaka K","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_58_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Sex hormones in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Montalto G","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28342","article-title":"Pre\u2010diagnostic plasma testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, IGF\u2010I and hepatocellular carcinoma: etiological factors or risk markers?","volume":"134","author":"Lukanova A","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25695"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80217-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(02)00095-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1140485"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92649-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)91494-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2847"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.2.411"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgh.12695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgh.12695","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.12695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T11:55:53Z","timestamp":1696161353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.12695"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,24]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.12695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.12695","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-07-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-01-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}