{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:34:42Z","timestamp":1782401682656,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]],"date-time":"2015-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some studies report that complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content>) occur more frequently in patients with diabetes mellitus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>) than in non\u2010diabetic patients. This study used transnasal endoscopy to elucidate the current status of concurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to examine the associations between intraesophageal pressure and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content>, as well as other neuropathic conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 57 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mean age was 67 years and the duration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> was 13 years. The mean hemoglobin A1c was 6.8%. Transnasal endoscopic evaluation items were (i) the presence or absence of esophagitis and its severity; (ii) intraesophageal pressure; and (iii) <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> status, which was evaluated by endoscopic findings, such as the presence or absence of gastritis and peptic ulcer, and by urea breath test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 57 patients, 24 (42.1%) were given a diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content> based on endoscopy. Patients with concurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content> were younger, had shorter duration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>, and were taller and heavier. Interestingly, no difference in body mass index was observed. There was no significant association between the presence of concurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content> and diabetic complications, including peripheral neuropathy, and infection or non\u2010infection with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>. Although there was no significant association between the presence of concurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content> and intraesophageal pressure values, we found aging, reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the presence of autonomic nerve symptoms to correlate with reduced intraesophageal pressure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study could be used to answer the question of whether or not endoscopic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content> is a diabetic complication; however, further study is required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,2]],"date-time":"2015-04-02T19:50:10Z","timestamp":1428004210000},"page":"31-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients 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