{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:52:42Z","timestamp":1787755962990,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]],"date-time":"2015-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Growing evidence suggests that non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAFLD<\/jats:styled-content>) is interrelated with renal dysfunction and disturbed bone metabolism, both of which play a key role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. We investigated the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAFLD<\/jats:styled-content> and serum calcium and phosphorus levels in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>orean subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a cross\u2010sectional analysis of 16\u2009592 subjects undergoing a general health checkup. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAFLD<\/jats:styled-content> was assessed based on ultrasonographically detected fatty liver in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption and other causes of liver disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of the population with fatty liver detected by ultrasonography was 43.2% for males and 17.6% for females. We observed that a higher serum albumin\u2010corrected calcium (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>a<jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>) level was associated with smoking, hypertension, and unfavorable metabolic parameters in both genders, but the serum phosphorus levels showed an inconsistent correlation with metabolic abnormalities. After adjusting for age, gender, waist circumference, body mass index, smoking status, exercise, diabetes, hypertension, lipid profiles, and renal function, serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>a<jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>, phosphorus, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>a<jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\u2010phosphorus products were independent risk factors for fatty liver (odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>]: 1.71, 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>]: 1.49\u20131.95, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.34, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.22\u20131.48, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.20, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.14\u20131.26, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively), and the risk of fatty liver increased in a graded manner over the quartiles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum calcium and phosphorus levels are significantly associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAFLD<\/jats:styled-content>. Further investigation is needed to verify whether calcium and phosphorus levels indicate a higher risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAFLD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T08:25:30Z","timestamp":1413447930000},"page":"733-741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Association between serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in <scp>K<\/scp>orean population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ju Young","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Incheon St. Mary's Hospital  Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Incheon St. Mary's Hospital  Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Sook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Incheon St. Mary's Hospital  Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Young","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Incheon St. Mary's Hospital  Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Dae","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Incheon St. Mary's Hospital  Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Je Ho","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Incheon St. Mary's Hospital  Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bong Yeon","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Incheon St. Mary's Hospital  Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2008.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.1998.v31.pm9531176"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.196675"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"479","article-title":"Serum calcium and blood pressure","volume":"5","author":"Phillips AN","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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