{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T21:11:01Z","timestamp":1789161061708,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]],"date-time":"2015-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic hepatitis<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHC<\/jats:styled-content>) has been associated with lymphoproliferative disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPD<\/jats:styled-content>) such as mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCS<\/jats:styled-content>), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content>), and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>odgkin lymphoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHL<\/jats:styled-content>). The aim of the present study is to assess<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content>, and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHL<\/jats:styled-content>prevalence in a cohort of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients and to evaluate the association of demographic, clinical, and virologic factors with the presence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPD<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 121<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHC<\/jats:styled-content>patients with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPD<\/jats:styled-content>s (50\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>, 71<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>; mean age 61.5\u2009\u00b1\u200911.8) and 130<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHC<\/jats:styled-content>patients without extrahepatic manifestations (60\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>, 70<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>; mean age 60.4\u2009\u00b1\u20099.2) were retrospectively enrolled from a cohort of 1313<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHC<\/jats:styled-content>patients between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary 2006 and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>ecember 2013. Patients with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPD<\/jats:styled-content>s included: 25 patients with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCS<\/jats:styled-content>(9\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>, 16<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>; mean age 60.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4), 55 patients with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content>(18\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>, 37<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>; mean age 61.3\u2009\u00b1\u200912.1), and 41 patients with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHL<\/jats:styled-content>(23\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>, 18<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>; mean age 62.5\u2009\u00b1\u200911.0)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCS<\/jats:styled-content>(25\/1313; 1.9%),<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content>(55\/1313; 4.2%), and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNH<\/jats:styled-content>(41\/1313; 3.1%) did not differ in age, severity of liver disease,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>genotype, and response to antiviral therapy. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, a positive association was found between the presence of cirrhosis and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content>(odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>]\u2009=\u20092.8924, 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>] 1.2693\u20136.5909;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012) and between cirrhosis and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHL<\/jats:styled-content>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20093.9407, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>1.7226\u20139.0153;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), whereas no association with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCS<\/jats:styled-content>diagnosis emerged.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the pathogenetic mechanism of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPD<\/jats:styled-content>s is still unclear, cirrhosis is an additional risk factor for the development of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with chronic<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,29]],"date-time":"2014-10-29T02:10:30Z","timestamp":1414548630000},"page":"742-747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Chronic hepatitis<scp>C<\/scp>virus infection and lymphoproliferative disorders: Mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and<scp>B<\/scp>\u2010cell non\u2010<scp>H<\/scp>odgkin lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Gian Paolo","family":"Caviglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Sciacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Cardinal Massaia Hospital Asti Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lorena","family":"Abate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Olivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Antonio","family":"Touscoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Citt\u00e0 della Scienza e della Salute Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Ciancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Rizzetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonina","family":"Smedile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12057"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"S39","article-title":"HCV infection: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and therapy","volume":"26","author":"Antonelli A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. 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