{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:41:51Z","timestamp":1790250111352,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]],"date-time":"2015-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>More than a decade ago, inflammatory bowel disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>) is rare in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>sia. Today, the importance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>sia is exemplified by its rapidly increasing incidence, complicated disease behavior, and substantial morbidity. In the first large\u2010scale population\u2010based epidemiologic study in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>sia, the incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> varied from 0.60 to 3.44 per 100\u2009000. There has been a twofold to threefold increase in the incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> in several countries in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>sia. Ulcerative colitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UC<\/jats:styled-content>) is more prevalent than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>rohn's disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>), although <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> incidence is rapidly increasing. A positive family history is much less common than in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>est, as are extra\u2010intestinal disease manifestations. Complicated and penetrating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> are common in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>sia. These epidemiologic changes may relate to increased contact with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>est, westernization of diet, improved hygiene, increasing antibiotics use, or changes in the gut microbiota. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>sian patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> have altered gut microbiota compared with their healthy counterparts and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>aucasian <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> subjects. Mucosa\u2010associated microbiota in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> may differ geographically. In a population\u2010based case\u2013control study, breast\u2010feeding, having pets, and better sanitary conditions were protective of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>, suggesting that childhood environment plays an important role in modulating disease development. Genetic factors also differ between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>sians and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>aucasians. Nucleotide oligomerization domain\u20102 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOD2<\/jats:styled-content>) and autophagy variants were not associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>, but tumor necrosis factor superfamily gene\u201015 polymorphisms were strongly associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>ast <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>sians. Research in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>sia, an area of rapidly changing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content> epidemiology, may lead to the discovery of critical etiologic factors that lead to the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]],"date-time":"2014-12-03T23:06:00Z","timestamp":1417647960000},"page":"440-445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Emerging leadership lecture: Inflammatory bowel disease in <scp>A<\/scp>sia: Emergence of a \u201c<scp>W<\/scp>estern\u201d disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Siew C","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Institute of Digestive Disease State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.11.1587"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"1839","article-title":"First prospective, population\u2010based inflammatory bowel disease incidence study in mainland of China: the emergence of \u201cwestern\u201d disease","volume":"19","author":"Zhao J","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm. 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