{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T08:37:57Z","timestamp":1765355877675},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impaired splanchnic hemodynamics are well\u2010documented phenomena in cirrhosis. However, comprehensive hemodynamic features from the superior mesenteric artery (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>) to the superior mesenteric vein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMV<\/jats:styled-content>) via intestinal capillaries have not been studied. The aim was to examine splanchnic hemodynamics and their relationship with clinical presentations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contrast\u2010enhanced ultrasound was performed for both the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMV<\/jats:styled-content> under fasting conditions and postprandially following ingestion of a liquid diet. The microbubble traveling time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTT<\/jats:styled-content>) was determined as the difference between the contrast onset in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMV<\/jats:styled-content>, indicating the time required for microbubble transit through the splanchnic circulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 192 subjects for fasting conditions (81 cirrhosis, 72 chronic hepatitis, 39 healthy controls), and 74\/192 for postprandial conditions (44 cirrhosis, 11 chronic hepatitis, 19 healthy controls). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTT<\/jats:styled-content> (fasting; postprandial) was significantly longer in cirrhosis (7.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u2009s; 7.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009s) than in controls (5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u2009s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u2009s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and chronic hepatitis (6.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5\u2009s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007; 5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u2009s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTT<\/jats:styled-content> ratio (postprandial\/fasting) showed disease\u2010related changes: 0.75\u2009\u00b1\u20090.20 in controls, 0.78\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15 in chronic hepatitis, and 1.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.28 in cirrhosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003, <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> controls; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.036, <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> chronic hepatitis).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The real\u2010time observation of traveling microbubble on the sonogram revealed a prolonged transit with a weak postprandial response in the intestinal circulation, suggesting better understanding of underlying pathophysiology of splanchnic hemodynamics in chronic liver disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T06:29:23Z","timestamp":1419316163000},"page":"1001-1008","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Potential stagnation in the splanchnic hemodynamics demonstrated by the dynamic microbubbles in chronic liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Sekimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taro","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Kiyono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Yokosuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(58)90322-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91384-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528608996416"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840090604"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80318-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.194.3.7862983"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"1052","article-title":"Portal hemodynamics after meal in normal subjects and in patients with chronic liver disease studied by echo\u2010Doppler flowmeter","volume":"82","author":"Pugliese D","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. 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