{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T14:30:31Z","timestamp":1778509831930,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]],"date-time":"2015-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stress has long been documented to alter gastrointestinal motility. The effects of electroacupuncture (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EA<\/jats:styled-content>) on stress and gastric motility are relatively well known; however, whether<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EA<\/jats:styled-content>has an ameliorating effect on stress\u2010induced dysmotility remained unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of needle\u2010less transcutaneous electroacupuncture (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEA<\/jats:styled-content>) on stress\u2010induced impairment in gastric slow waves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A watch\u2010size digital stimulator was developed. Ten healthy volunteers were involved in a four\u2010session study (control, cold stress,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEA,<\/jats:styled-content>and sham<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEA<\/jats:styled-content>). Electrogastrograpy was used to assess gastric slow waves, and electrocardiogram was recorded for the assessment of autonomic functions. The recordings were made in each session with\/without stress and with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEA<\/jats:styled-content>at<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ST<\/jats:styled-content>36 or sham points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results are as follows: (i) Cold stress\u2010induced gastric dysrhythmia and impaired normal slow waves (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEA<\/jats:styled-content>showed a preventive effect on cold stress\u2010induced impairment in gastric slow waves.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEA<\/jats:styled-content>at<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ST<\/jats:styled-content>36, but not sham<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEA<\/jats:styled-content>, normalized slow waves (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>stress;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.44<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>control), attributed to the suppression of gastric dysrhythmia; (ii) Postprandially, there was a decrease in vagal activity in both control (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) and stress (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) sessions; this decrease was prevented with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEA<\/jats:styled-content>(<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Similarly, there was a postprandial increase in sympathetic activity in both control (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) and stress (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) sessions, and this increase was suppressed with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Needle\u2010less<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEA<\/jats:styled-content>at<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ST<\/jats:styled-content>36 using a watch\u2010size stimulator is able to improve stress\u2010induced impairment in gastric slow waves, possibly mediated via the autonomic mechanism. Home\u2010based needle\u2010less<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEA<\/jats:styled-content>may be a viable therapy for stress\u2010induced impairment in gastric motility functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,14]],"date-time":"2015-05-14T09:37:06Z","timestamp":1431596226000},"page":"1574-1581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Ameliorating effects and autonomic mechanisms of needle\u2010less transcutaneous electrical stimulation at<scp>ST<\/scp>36 on stress\u2010induced impairment in gastric slow waves"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China"},{"name":"Ningbo Pace Translational Medical Research Center Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gengqing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Pace Translational Medical Research Center Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedKinetic Inc. Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Ningbo University Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieyun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Pace Translational Medical Research Center Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Pace Translational Medical Research Center Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiande DZ","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Pace Translational Medical Research Center Ningbo China"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins Center of Neurogastroenterology Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480090092034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(09)71525-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000116774"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050575"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.4.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90328-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91376-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.1991.tb00065.x","article-title":"Effects of cold stress on gastric myoelectric activity","volume":"3","author":"Robert M","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. 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