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PCR for routine detection of human intestinal protozoa in fecal samples is used by an increasing number of clinical laboratories. This paper discusses the recent developments in the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa, with an emphasis on PCR\u2010based diagnostics. Although many reviews have described the technical aspects of PCR\u2010based diagnostics, this review focuses on the clinical consequences that result from the shift from microscopic toward PCR\u2010based diagnostics. 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