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This study provided updated estimates of the HCV infection care cascade and burden in Australia as a reliable platform for assessing the future impact of interferon\u2010free therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A modeling approach was applied to estimate the number of individuals living with chronic HCV infection and with various liver disease stages. Data from national registries of HCV notification and liver transplantation, literature review, and expert consensus informed the model parameters. HCV notification and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data were used to estimate the number of HCV diagnosed individuals and treatment uptake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2014, an estimated 230\u2009470 individuals (range: 180\u2009490\u2013243\u2009990) were living with HCV, among whom 75% were diagnosed (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009172\u2009720; range: 156\u2009720\u2013188\u2009770), 20% had ever received treatment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200945\u2009000; range: 39\u2009280\u201350\u2009720), and 11% had been cured (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924\u2009750; range: 21\u2009520\u201327\u2009990). Among individuals with HCV infection, the proportion with hepatic fibrosis stage \u2265F3 doubled during the last decade, increasing from 9% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918\u2009580) in 2004 to 19% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200944,730) in 2014. Individuals initiating HCV treatment increased from 1100 in 1997 to 3840 in 2007, plateaued until 2010 and decreased to 2790 in 2014.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The burden of HCV\u2010related liver disease has increased markedly. Although the proportion diagnosed was high, treatment uptake remained low, with no increase over the last 7\u2009years. Reducing the HCV burden in Australia requires scale\u2010up of interferon\u2010free HCV therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]],"date-time":"2016-05-21T13:43:23Z","timestamp":1463838203000},"page":"229-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Chronic hepatitis C burden and care cascade in Australia in the era of interferon\u2010based treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Behzad","family":"Hajarizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Grebely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamish","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Estes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Analysis  Louisville Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Homie","family":"Razavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Analysis  Louisville Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard T","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Alavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janaki","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Skye","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Sievert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Nursing &amp; Health Sciences Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent's Hospital University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory J","family":"Dore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12677"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"The Kirby Institute.HIV viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia. 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