{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:49:25Z","timestamp":1761562165333},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,24]],"date-time":"2017-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gadolinium\u2010ethoxybenzyl\u2010diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd\u2010EOB\u2010DTPA)\u2010enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed before curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can distinguish between intrahepatic distant recurrence and hypervascularization. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the presence of non\u2010hypervascular hypointense nodules on hepatobiliary phase images from Gd\u2010EOB\u2010DTPA\u2010enhanced MRI as a risk factor of the intrahepatic distant recurrence of early stage HCC following radiofrequency ablation (RFA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 132 patients who underwent preprocedural Gd\u2010EOB\u2010DTPA\u2010enhanced MRI followed by initial RFA were retrospectively analyzed. Post\u2010RFA intrahepatic distant recurrence, which excluded the hypervascularization of non\u2010hypervascular hypointense nodules detected by preprocedural Gd\u2010EOB\u2010DTPA\u2010enhanced MRI, was evaluated according to the presence of non\u2010hypervascular hypointense nodules on preprocedural Gd\u2010EOB\u2010DTPA\u2010enhanced MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intrahepatic distant recurrence rates following RFA were higher in patients with non\u2010hypervascular hypointense nodules (1\u2010year: 22.5%, 2\u2010year: 52.1%, 5\u2010year: 89.1%) compared with in patients without non\u2010hypervascular hypointense nodules (1\u2010year: 7.0%, 2\u2010year: 28.8%, 5\u2010year: 48.7%). The presence of non\u2010hypervascular hypointense nodules was associated with markedly increased cumulative recurrence rates of both identical and different subsegment intrahepatic distant recurrence, being an independent risk factor for post\u2010RFA identical and different subsegment intrahepatic distant recurrence (identical: HR\u00a0=\u00a02.365, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027; different: HR\u00a0=\u00a03.276, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of non\u2010hypervascular hypointense nodules on hepatobiliary phase images from Gd\u2010EOB\u2010DTPA\u2010enhanced MRI obtained prior to RFA is an important predictive factor of intrahepatic distant recurrence following RFA of HCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T15:04:09Z","timestamp":1477580649000},"page":"908-915","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Presence of non\u2010hypervascular hypointense nodules on Gadolinium\u2010ethoxybenzyl\u2010diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid\u2010enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Masanori","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadahisa","family":"Ogasawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuhiro","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine 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