{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:33:42Z","timestamp":1788222822771,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]],"date-time":"2017-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SALUD\u20102014\u20101\u2010233760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SALUD\u20102014\u20101\u2010233760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Idiopathic achalasia is a rare esophageal motor disorder. The disease state manifests local and systemic inflammation, and it appears that an autoimmune component and specific autoantibodies participate in the pathogenesis. The study aims to determine the prevalence of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases in patients with achalasia and compare the results with those from patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was a cross\u2010sectional and included 114 patients with idiopathic achalasia and 114 age\u2010matched and sex\u2010matched control patients with GERD. Data on the presence of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, the time of presentation, and any family history of autoimmune disease were obtained from the hospital's medical records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy three (64%) were female patients (mean age: 42.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.5; median disease duration: 12\u00a0months). We identified the presence of autoimmune disease in 19 patients with achalasia (16.7%), hypothyroidism was the main diagnosis, and it was present in 52.6% of patients compared with 4.2% in controls. Thirteen of the 19 achalasia patients (68.4%) with autoimmune disease had history of familial autoimmunity. We identified 11 achalasia (9.6%) and 5 GERD patients (4.16%) with an inflammatory condition. Compared with the GERD, the achalasia group was 3.8 times more likely to have an autoimmune disease (95% CI: 1.47\u20139.83), 3.0 times more likely to have thyroidopathies (95% CI: 1.00\u20139.03), and 3.02 times more likely to suffer from any chronic inflammatory disease (95% CI: 1.65\u20136.20).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The non\u2010negligible number of patients with autoimmune diseases identified among the patients with idiopathic achalasia supports the hypothesis that achalasia has an autoimmune component.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T02:56:42Z","timestamp":1496285802000},"page":"203-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Autoimmune comorbidity in achalasia patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Romero\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Surgery Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5804-7221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janette","family":"Furuzawa\u2010Carballeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Alejandro\u2010Medrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Surgery Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos A","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez\u2010\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego F","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Azamar\u2010Llamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Olivares\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Bre\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Surgery Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Surgery Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel A","family":"Valdovinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Coss\u2010Adame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Ramos\u2010\u00c1valos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Surgery Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Torres\u2010Landa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Surgery Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel A","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Surgery Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athenea","family":"Flores\u2010N\u00e1jera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Surgery Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Torres\u2010Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Surgery Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01511.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702977"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/729217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i35.7892"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2006.00772.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1998.tb03059.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60651-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3379"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0838-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2012.01398.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01967.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2011.01249.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670070055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302012000900013","article-title":"Achalasia and thyroid disease: possible autoimmune connection?","volume":"56","author":"Quidute ARP","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000343435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20716"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"1585","article-title":"Guillain\u2010Barre syndrome and achalasia: two manifestations of a viral disease or coincidental association?","volume":"89","author":"Firouzi M","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Achalasia and Guillian\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Z","volume":"47","author":"M\u00fcller M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1159\/000430493","article-title":"Achalasia in a patient with polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II","volume":"9","author":"Amr BS","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-013-0358-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01834.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20852"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018857617115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i4.594"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03855.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-009-0155-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2009.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203863"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03679.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5578\/tt.5778"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-016-0074-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgh.13839","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.13839","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T09:12:24Z","timestamp":1695978744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.13839"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.13839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.13839","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-04-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-05-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-12-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}