{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:51:37Z","timestamp":1790794297513,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]],"date-time":"2017-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81472287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81472287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81670504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81670504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) is complex, and it is thought to be associated with the environment, immune, hereditary, microbe, and other factors. If the balance between the host and the intestinal microbes in CD patients was broken, immune\u2010inflammatory response of susceptible individuals might be triggered. Probiotics could improve the intestinal microbial flora balance and treat human effectively. There are several new mechanisms that might explain the role of probiotics. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is becoming more and more attractive in treating a large amount of digestive system diseases that are related to the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota. FMT has been widely used in recurrent <jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic> infection. More and more attention has been paid on the clinical application of FMT in CD, while the exact mechanism is still a mystery. So in this review, we explore the mechanism, clinical application, and adverse reactions of intestinal microbiota in CD so that we can use the tool to cure more diseases. Enteric microbiota leads to new therapeutic strategies for CD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]],"date-time":"2017-07-05T08:02:43Z","timestamp":1499241763000},"page":"1804-1812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Update on intestinal microbiota in Crohn's disease 2017: Mechanisms, clinical application, adverse reactions, and outlook"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Zhaohua","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Non\u2010Resolving Inflammation and Cancer  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changxin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Non\u2010Resolving Inflammation and Cancer  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongsheng","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Non\u2010Resolving Inflammation and Cancer  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Non\u2010Resolving Inflammation and Cancer  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Non\u2010Resolving Inflammation and Cancer  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Non\u2010Resolving Inflammation and Cancer  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Non\u2010Resolving Inflammation and Cancer  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Non\u2010Resolving Inflammation and Cancer  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Non\u2010Resolving Inflammation and Cancer  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i5.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2010.00449.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2850"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301819"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/435268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2012.0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3837"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01008-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00635-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles derived from \n                     Escherichia coli\n                   up\u2010regulate expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in vitro and in vivo","volume":"8","author":"Kim JH","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v5.i3.213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2014.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interplay of host genetics and gut microbiota underlying the onset and clinical presentation of inflammatory bowel disease","author":"Imhann F","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21177"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.28572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12726"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318297d884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001610"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1107697"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2003.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf506326t"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-012-4241-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2011.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-011-1269-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2014.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.452516"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(09)73158-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-0171-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2012.743585"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.482"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu135"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13875"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.107987.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17235\/reed.2015.3767\/2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12331"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2014.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i17.5359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i41.7213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12727"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/517597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000893"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv203"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgh.13861","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.13861","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T12:57:26Z","timestamp":1695646646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.13861"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.13861"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.13861","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-05-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-06-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-10-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}