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For gastric cancer, global incidence is concentrated in Asia with substantially higher rates in East Asia than in South\u2010East Asia and Australia. The differences in incidence rates for gastric cancer in the Asia\u2013Pacific region may be due, in part, to differences in the prevalence of <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and the prevalence of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> virulence factors. Smoking is also correlated with gastric cancer risk and is responsible for the highest population attributable fraction among men in East Asia. Colorectal cancer has increased rapidly in incidence to become the third most common digestive cancer in Asia. According to cohort studies in Asia, smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and physical inactivity increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Unlike West Asia, East Asia and Australia have high incidence rates for colorectal cancer that correlates to a high Human Development Index and a high prevalence of alcohol consumption and obesity. Liver cancer is the second most common digestive cancer in Asia. The high incidence of liver cancer in East Asia and South\u2010East Asia is concordant with the high prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. Other important risk factors include alcohol use, smoking, and diabetes. The identification of the earlier and other environmental factors (currently under investigation) is central to the development and implementation of effective cancer control programs for the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,28]],"date-time":"2017-09-28T16:03:06Z","timestamp":1506614586000},"page":"111-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Environmental contributions to gastrointestinal and liver cancer in the Asia\u2013Pacific region"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7788-2887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang\u2010Pil","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Gachon University  Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aesun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sooyoung","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue K","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keun\u2010Young","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Korean Armed Forces Capital Hospital  Seongnam Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"FerlayJ SoerjormataramI ErvikM et al.GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0 cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: IARC cancer base no. 11 [Internet]. 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