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However, limited data are available regarding whether gallstone disease is related to mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the relationship of a history of gallstone disease and risk of death, using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, among 86\u00a0030 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 43\u00a0949 men from the Health Professionals Follow\u2010up Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During the up\u2010to 32\u00a0years of follow\u2010up, 34\u00a0011 all\u2010cause deaths were confirmed, of which 8138 were CVD deaths and 12\u00a0173 were cancer deaths. For the participants with a history of gallstone disease compared with those without, the hazard ratio of total mortality was 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.13, 1.20), of CVD mortality 1.11 (1.05, 1.17), of cancer mortality 1.15 (1.09, 1.20), and of other mortality 1.19 (1.14, 1.25) from a pooled\u2010analysis of women and men (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The multi\u2010adjusted associations between gallstone disease and total mortality persisted among women and men, and among participants with various risk profiles including the different status of body mass index, hormone therapy use, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for interaction\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.09).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data suggest that gallstone disease is associated with a higher risk of total mortality and disease\u2010specific mortality, including CVD and cancer mortality, independent of various traditional risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]],"date-time":"2018-04-19T10:31:31Z","timestamp":1524133891000},"page":"1925-1931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Gallstone disease and increased risk of mortality: Two large prospective studies in US men and women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute and School of Life Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoriko","family":"Heianza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiange","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dianjianyi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank B","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M","family":"Rexrode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JoAnn E","family":"Manson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. 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