{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:03:47Z","timestamp":1791306227390,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]],"date-time":"2018-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with low\u2010cost generic direct\u2010acting antivirals (DAAs) available in India and other developing countries needs determination of HCV genotype (\u201cgenotype\u2010dependent\u201d regimens). Generic velpatasvir, a DAA that obviates the need for genotype determination (\u201cpan\u2010genotypic\u201d regimen), recently became available but is costlier. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost\u2010effectiveness of genotype\u2010dependent <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> pan\u2010genotypic DAA treatments in India.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A previously validated microsimulation model, adapted to Indian population, was used to compare the costs and long\u2010term outcomes of three scenarios: no treatment, treatment with genotype\u2010dependent regimens, and treatment with pan\u2010genotypic regimen. Input parameters were derived from literature. Using a payer's perspective and lifetime time horizon, quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010years (QALYs), total costs, and incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio were calculated. Both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were also conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the current price ($US223 for 4\u00a0weeks), pan\u2010genotypic regimen was cost\u2010saving compared with no treatment. Compared with genotype\u2010dependent regimens, it increased QALYs by 0.92 and increased costs by $US107 but was deemed cost\u2010effective with an incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio of $US242 per QALY gained. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis also supported the cost\u2010effectiveness of pan\u2010genotypic regimen. At the reduced price of $US188 for 4\u00a0weeks, the pan\u2010genotypic regimen will become cost\u2010neutral to genotype\u2010dependent regimens (current price: $US100 for 4\u00a0weeks).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>At current prices, velpatasvir\u2010based pan\u2010genotypic regimen is cost\u2010effective for HCV treatment in India where generic drugs are available. A reduction in the prices of pan\u2010genotypic regimen has the potential to make its use cost\u2010saving while simplifying treatment in community\u2010level programs aimed at HCV elimination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T18:20:45Z","timestamp":1528136445000},"page":"2029-2036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Cost\u2010effectiveness of generic pan\u2010genotypic sofosbuvir\/velpatasvir <i>versus<\/i> genotype\u2010dependent direct\u2010acting antivirals for hepatitis C treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3525-9381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Goel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiushi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Penn State University  State College Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology Assessment  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagpreet","family":"Chhatwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology Assessment  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9689-494X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26141"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"AASLD\/IDA.HCV guidance: recommendations for testing managing and treating hepatitis C.https:\/\/www.hcvguidelines.org\/. Accesssed 17 December 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12351"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30579-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176503"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1336"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Viral Hepatitis Strategic Information and Modelling Reference Group: meeting report. Meeting report|14\u201316 June 2016 WHO headquarters Geneva Switzerland. Available at:http:\/\/www.who.int\/hepatitis\/publications\/strategic\u2010information\u2010modelling\u2010meeting\/en\/(last accessed: November 21 2017). Geneva: WHO;2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"An algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C","volume":"24","author":"Bedossa P","year":"1996","journal-title":"The METAVIR Cooperative Study Group. Hepatology."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50157"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-11-44"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402454"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27726"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312444"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00157-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1512610"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1512612"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07332.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.3.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X06290497"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","unstructured":"The World Bank.World Bank national accounts data and OECD National Accounts data files: GDP per capita (current US$). Available from:https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Accessed 25 December 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22375"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9024300"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181e12c09"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2011.17.7.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta11130"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07332.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjgh.14301","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.14301","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jgh.14301","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.14301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T13:07:49Z","timestamp":1694264869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.14301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.14301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.14301","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-01-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}