{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T20:04:02Z","timestamp":1767211442518,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, lifestyle modification is the only effective treatment. We have shown that human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) reduce inflammation and fibrosis in toxin\u2010induced liver injury models. We examined the effect of these cells and the soluble factors released by the cells into culture medium (hAEC conditioned medium [hAEC\u2010CM]) in a diet\u2010induced murine NASH model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>C57BL\/6J male mice received a Western \u201cfast food diet\u201d for 42\u00a0weeks. Group 1 received an intraperitoneal injection of 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> hAECs at week 34, group 2 received an additional hAEC dose at week 38, and group 3 received thrice weekly hAEC\u2010CM injections intraperitoneal for 8\u00a0weeks from week 34. Liver fibrosis area, inflammation, and fibrosis regulators were measured by immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and gelatin zymography. Metabolic parameters were also assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fast food diet\u2010fed mice demonstrated peri\u2010cellular hepatic fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis typical of NASH. Liver fibrosis area was reduced by 40% in hAEC\u2010treated and hAEC\u2010CM\u2010treated mice. hAEC treatment significantly reduced pSMAD 2\/3 signaling and the number of activated hepatic stellate cells and liver macrophages. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 gene and protein expression were variably affected. hAEC treatment did not alter the NASH activity score or metabolic parameters such as bodyweight, total cholesterol, or glucose tolerance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human amnion epithelial cell and hAEC\u2010CM significantly reduced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a diet\u2010induced non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease model. Although hAEC and hAEC\u2010CM did not affect the metabolic components of NASH, their therapeutic potential is promising and warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T16:03:12Z","timestamp":1551456192000},"page":"1441-1449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Human amnion epithelial cells and their soluble factors reduce liver fibrosis in murine non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Nathan","family":"Kuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit Monash Health  Melbourne Victoria 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