{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:11:00Z","timestamp":1781712660700,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Renal abnormalities can occur at any time point during the course of Wilson disease (WD). We aimed to fill a literature gap in this respect by studying urinary abnormalities in children and adolescents with WD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 60 children with WD presenting to the Pediatric Hepatology Unit, Cairo University. The following data were retrieved from the patients' files including age, sex, liver function tests, serum ceruloplasmin, 24\u2010h urinary copper, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urinalysis, urinary albumin\/creatinine ratio, urinary calcium\/creatinine ratio, urinary \u03b22\u2010microglobulin, liver and renal biopsy results when available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All studied cases had no symptoms related to renal involvement. Microscopic hematuria was detected in 11% and 12% at baseline and within 5\u00a0years of therapy, respectively. Moderate microalbuminuria was detected in 34%, 50%, and 33% at baseline, within 5\u00a0years and &gt;\u00a05\u00a0years after therapy, respectively. Hypercalciuria was detected in 23% at baseline, 34% in those patients treated for up to 5\u00a0years and 37.5% &gt;\u00a05\u00a0years of therapy. Age and international normalized ratio were significantly higher in patients with high calcium\/creatinine ratio compared with those with normal values at initial evaluation. Frequency of elevated urinary \u03b22\u2010microglobulin was 36%, 36%, and 37% in patients at baseline, up to 5\u00a0years and &gt;\u00a05\u00a0years of therapy, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities are present in patients with WD at any time point of the disease and during treatment with <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010penicillamine. They have to be searched for, as early intervention may prevent progression to renal insufficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T19:55:50Z","timestamp":1552420550000},"page":"1824-1828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Urinary abnormalities in children and adolescents with Wilson disease before and during treatment with <scp>d<\/scp>\u2010penicillamine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Heba","family":"Helmy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Fahmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Ophthalmology  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Abdel 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