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Various liver disorders are associated with an altered microbiome. However, gut microbiome in BA remains unknown. Here, we performed a case\u2010control study to investigate the gut microbiota in BA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional analysis was first conducted for 34 BA patients and 34 healthy controls. Then we investigated the shift in gut microbiota 2\u00a0weeks after the Kasai procedure in 16 BA patients. Gut microbiome was initially analyzed using 16S ribosome RNA gene sequencing and further validated by metagenomic sequencing. Fecal bile acids were determined using ultra\u2010high performance liquid chromatography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with healthy controls, BA showed lower diversity and significant structural segregation in the microbiome. At phylum level, <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic> numbers increased, whereas those of <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic> decreased in BA. At genus level, several potential pathogens such as <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> thrived in BA, while numbers for <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> and several butyrate\u2010producing bacteria declined. The microbiome was also disturbed after the Kasai procedure. Operational taxonomic units responding to BA showed significant correlation with liver function. Furthermore, the abundance ratio of <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> showed great promise in distinguishing BA from healthy controls. Intestinal bile acids were dramatically decreased in BA, and <jats:italic>Clostridium XIVa<\/jats:italic> positively correlated with the ratio of primary\/secondary bile acids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gut microbial dysbiosis, may be caused by decreased bile acids, was associated with liver function and had a good diagnostic potential for BA. Therefore, further exploration of gut microbiota may provide important insights into their potential diagnostic and therapeutic benefits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T19:09:26Z","timestamp":1562267366000},"page":"334-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Gut microbial profile in biliary atresia: a case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingying","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9712-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-009-0171-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)03492-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22182"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60946-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200711"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(68)90897-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000755"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Biliary Atresia: From Pathology to Treatment","author":"Hartley J","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2007.02423.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31825bb01a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12900"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Serum IL\u20106 and IL\u20108 in infants with biliary atresia in comparison to intrahepatic cholestasis","volume":"32","author":"El\u2010Faramawy AA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tropic. 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