{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:21:02Z","timestamp":1793661662592,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the epidemiology and impact of bacterial infections at admission in patients with acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort with AD of cirrhosis (European Association for the Study of the Liver criteria) admitted at a tertiary center was evaluated between 2013 and 2014 for the presence of bacterial infections at admission. Clinical, demographic, and microbiological data were collected prospectively till death, transplant, or 90 days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 179 patients with AD, 102 (56.9%) had bacterial infections at admission. The commonest infections were spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 65; 63.7%), spontaneous bacteremia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 10; 9.8%), pneumonia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 9; 8.8%), urinary tract infection (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8; 7.8%), spontaneous bacterial empyema (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4; 3.9%), and cellulitis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2; 1.9%). The commonest source was community acquired (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 85; 83.3%). Serum albumin and sodium levels were lower in infected as compared with non\u2010infected cohort (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.015; for both). <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> was the commonest organism isolated from SBP (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 14; 21.5%), urinary tract infection (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5; 45.5%), and bacteremia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3; 20%). There was a trend toward higher 28\u2010day mortality in infected cohort as compared with non\u2010infected cohort (48 [52.7%] <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 28 [32%]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.152). Multidrug\u2010resistant organisms (MDROs) were isolated in 63% of all culture\u2010positive infections. The presence of MDRO was an independent predictor of 28\u2010day mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infections are the leading reason for the occurrence of AD; SBP is the most common infection, and <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> is the commonest microorganism based on this single\u2010center study of Indian patients with AD of cirrhosis. There is a high prevalence of MDROs among culture\u2010positive infections that independently predict 28\u2010day mortality in AD of cirrhosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T14:32:26Z","timestamp":1563892346000},"page":"461-466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prediction of 28\u2010day mortality in acute decompensation of cirrhosis through the presence of multidrug\u2010resistant infections at admission"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Tarana","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education &amp; Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dibya","family":"Lochan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education &amp; Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4328-0914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nipun","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education &amp; Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahaj","family":"Rathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education &amp; Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swastik","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education &amp; Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3590-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajay","family":"Duseja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education &amp; Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3901-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil","family":"Taneja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education &amp; Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh K","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education &amp; Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radha K","family":"Dhiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education &amp; Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25532"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501939"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29773"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1377-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2017.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-014-0461-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-309104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S172587"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.14788","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jgh.14788","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.14788","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:14:36Z","timestamp":1694045676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.14788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.14788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.14788","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}