{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:17:42Z","timestamp":1790518662188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012910","name":"National Defense Medical College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012910","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dietary emulsifiers are widely used in processed foods and officially approved as safe for intake. However, recent studies have demonstrated that some emulsifiers alter the colonic microbiota, leading to colonic low\u2010grade inflammation, in mice. The effect of dietary emulsifiers on small\u2010intestinal microbiota, which is important for gut immunity, has not been studied. We aimed to investigate the effect of a representative dietary emulsifier, polysorbate\u201080 (P80), on the small\u2010intestinal microbiota in normal mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some mice were pretreated with P80 for 8\u00a0weeks with or without indomethacin administration on the last 2\u00a0days, and intestinal damage was evaluated histologically. The ileal and colonic microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polysorbate\u201080 increased the Gammaproteobacteria abundance and decreased the \u03b1\u2010diversity in the small intestine. No decrease in \u03b1\u2010diversity was observed in the colon. P80 pretreatment exacerbated the indomethacin\u2010induced small\u2010intestinal lesions and significantly increased the interleukin\u20101\u03b2 expression. Culture of ileal content on deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar showed that P80 significantly increased the colonies of the sulfide\u2010producing bacteria <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic> spp. (genetically identified as <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>). Antibiotic pretreatment abolished the P80\u2010induced aggravation of indomethacin\u2010induced ileitis. Motility assay in semisolid agar showed that adding 0.02% P80 to the agar significantly increased the diameter of <jats:italic>P.\u00a0mirabilis<\/jats:italic> colonies but not that of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> colonies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polysorbate\u201080 enhances the vulnerability of the small intestine to indomethacin\u2010induced injury by inducing ileal dysbiosis. Direct enhancement of the motility of specific flagellated microbiota by P80 might be related to dysbiosis and intestinal injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T03:09:27Z","timestamp":1564456167000},"page":"110-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Dietary emulsifier polysorbate\u201080\u2010induced small\u2010intestinal vulnerability to indomethacin\u2010induced lesions via dysbiosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Furuhashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3206-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaaki","family":"Higashiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshikiyo","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Kurihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinori","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Horiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Hanawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinori","family":"Mizoguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Nishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Inaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nao","family":"Sugihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Komoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kengo","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School International University of Health and Welfare  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Hokari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Evaluation report of food additives: polysorbates (polysorbates 20 60 65 and 80): Food Safety Commission;2007. 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