{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T02:21:42Z","timestamp":1781317302367,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biliary tract infections (BTIs) are a major cause of bacteremia. The prevalence of antibiotic\u2010resistant pathogens in BTI patients is reported to be increasing. We used a nationwide database to evaluate the prevalence of, and risk factors for, BTIs caused by extended\u2010spectrum beta\u2010lactamase\u2010producing organisms (ESBL\u2010PO) in Korea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with a BTI diagnosis, an admission history, a history of a BTI\u2010related procedure, and antibiotic use for \u2265\u00a04\u00a0days between 2007 and 2016 were identified from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. A BTI treated with carbapenems (BTI\u2010TC) was used as the surrogate for a BTI caused by ESBL\u2010PO. We conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors for BTI\u2010TC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 341\u00a0002 patients were enrolled. The overall percentage of BTI\u2010TC among BTIs was 2.4%, with an increasing annual trend (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). The risk of acute cholangitis caused by ESBL\u2010PO increased significantly in men, older patients, patients with comorbidities, patients with a history of a biliary procedure within the previous year, and patients with a history of antibiotic use within the previous 90\u00a0days. Regarding antibiotic use, the patients at highest risk were those previously prescribed carbapenems (adjusted odds ratio, 4.77; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of BTIs caused by ESBL\u2010PO has increased during the last 10\u00a0years. Initial carbapenem therapy should be considered for elderly patients with acute cholangitis if they have had a previous biliary procedure and\/or a history of carbapenem administration within the previous 90\u00a0days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T04:18:28Z","timestamp":1564460308000},"page":"56-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Increasing burden of biliary tract infection caused by extended\u2010spectrum beta\u2010lactamase\u2010producing organisms in Korea: A nationwide population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Dong Kee","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital  Goyang Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungmee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Beom","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Young","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Ewha Womans University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital  Goyang Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2292-1348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won Jae","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Ewha Womans University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340866"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(05)70119-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-012-0564-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-012-0563-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.730151"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"531","article-title":"Microflora of the gallbladder related to duration of acute cholecystitis","volume":"162","author":"Claesson BE","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surg. 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