{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:53:09Z","timestamp":1786949589763,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given that a wide variation in tumor response rates and survival times suggests heterogeneity among the patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) who underwent second\u2010line (L2) chemotherapy, it is a challenge in clinical practice to identify patients who will receive the most benefit from L2 treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We selected 183 APC patients who received L2 palliative chemotherapy between 2010 and 2016 from a medical center as the development cohort. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the prognostic factors and construct the nomogram. An independent cohort of 166 patients from three other hospitals was selected for external validation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The nomogram was based on eight independent prognostic factors from the multivariate Cox model: sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, reason for first\u2010line treatment discontinuation, duration of first\u2010line treatment, neutrophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio, tumor stage, body mass index, and serum carbohydrate antigen 19\u20109 levels at the beginning of L2 treatment. The model exhibited good discrimination ability, with a C\u2010index of 0.733 (95% confidence interval, 0.681\u20130.785) and 0.724 (95% confidence interval, 0.661\u20130.787) in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. The calibration plots of the development and validation cohorts showed optimal agreement between model prediction and actual observation in predicting survival probability at 6\u00a0months, 1\u00a0year, and 2\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study developed and externally validated a prognostic model that accurately predicts the survival outcome of APC patients before L2 palliative chemotherapy, which could assist in clinical decision\u2010making, counseling for treatment, and most importantly, prognostic stratification of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T00:33:34Z","timestamp":1573518814000},"page":"1694-1703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram to predict survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving second\u2010line palliative chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Chih\u2010Chung","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keng\u2010Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Hung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung  Keelung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping\u2010Tsung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi  Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia\u2010Yen","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Hema\u2010oncology, Department of Internal Medicine Mackay Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun\u2010Wen","family":"Hsueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung  Keelung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun\u2010Yun","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung  Keelung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen\u2010Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang\u2010Hsien","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi  Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Shin","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0361-4548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Chi","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21387"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1404198"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"CD010244","article-title":"Resection versus other treatments for locally advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"2","author":"Gurusamy KS","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.2551"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"CD011044","article-title":"Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"3","author":"Chin V","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1304369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011923"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.3680"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i9.2224"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.53.6995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.68.5776"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00986-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2094"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11010057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10120501"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000533"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2011.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000120627"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyl144"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.e16204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2017.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.3242"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3829"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2013.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2018.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000271","article-title":"Validation of the pretreatment neutrophil\u2010lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of overall survival in a cohort of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"44","author":"Ben Q","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2009.08.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-4021-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12453"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.14926","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jgh.14926","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.14926","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T04:00:50Z","timestamp":1693800050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.14926"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.14926"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.14926","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-08-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}