{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:44:31Z","timestamp":1779914671258,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Knowledge on the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in hemodialysis patients is limited. We evaluated the risk of GI bleeding in hemodialysis patients compared with non\u2010hemodialysis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study from 1996 to 2017 at the Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, and Horinouchi Hospital. We analyzed patients on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure and controls not on hemodialysis. The primary endpoint was GI bleeding. A survival analysis was performed to estimate the cumulative incidence and hazard ratio of GI bleeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 14\u00a0451 patients were analyzed (417 hemodialysis and 14\u00a0034 non\u2010hemodialysis patients). In total, 524 GI bleeding events occurred. Upper and lower GI bleeding occurred in 432 and 92 patients in the hemodialysis and non\u2010hemodialysis groups, respectively. The most frequent source of upper and lower GI bleeding was gastric ulcer and colonic diverticular bleeding, respectively. The cumulative incidence of GI bleeding was 4.44% at 1\u00a0year, 7.15% at 3\u00a0years, and 10.40% at 5\u00a0years in hemodialysis patients; the respective rates were 2.35%, 2.98%, and 3.79% in non\u2010hemodialysis patients during a mean follow\u2010up period of 3.5\u00a0years. Hemodialysis was significantly associated with an increased risk of GI bleeding after adjustment (hazard ratio 1.67, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01, 95% confidence interval 1.13\u20132.50).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hemodialysis patients had a GI bleeding rate of 10% over 5\u00a0years, and hemodialysis was a risk factor for GI bleeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T18:49:27Z","timestamp":1590000567000},"page":"112-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Natural history of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in hemodialysis patients: A dual\u2010center long\u2010term cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5047-6195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryota","family":"Niikura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-9940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomonori","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsu","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horinouchi Hospital  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3859-2756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuya","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Support Center The University of Tokyo Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4314-7777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsuo","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyo","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horinouchi Hospital  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horinouchi Hospital  Saitama 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