{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:11:50Z","timestamp":1787015510612,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent evidence has concerned acute kidney injury (AKI) after the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) application. There are few real\u2010world studies to compare the occurrences, clinical features, and prognosis of AKI related to various PPI regimens. We aimed to evaluate and compare the links between different PPIs and AKI in a large population by investigating the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) until recently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disproportionality analysis and Bayesian analysis were used in data mining to screen the suspected AKI after different PPIs based on the FAERS from January 2004 to December 2019. The times to onset, fatality, and hospitalization rates of PPI\u2010associated AKI were also investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 19\u00a0522 PPI\u2010associated AKIs, which appeared to influence more middle\u2010aged patients than elderly ones (53.04%\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      33.94%). Women were more affected than men (55.42%\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      44.58%). Lansoprazole appeared a stronger AKI association than other PPIs, based on the highest reporting odds ratio (reporting odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a020.8, 95% confidence interval\u00a0=\u00a020.16, 21.46), proportional reporting ratio (proportional reporting ratio\u00a0=\u00a015.55,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a073\u00a0899.68), and empirical Bayes geometric mean (empirical Bayes geometric mean\u00a0=\u00a015.15, 95% confidence interval\u00a0=\u00a014.76). The median time to AKI onset was 446 (interquartile range [IQR] 16\u20132176) days after PPI administration. PPIs showed a significant difference in average time to AKI onset (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), with the shortest of 9 (IQR 3\u201325) days for rabeprazole and the longest of 1221 (IQR 96.5\u20132620) days for esomeprazole. PPI\u2010associated AKI generally led to a 5.69% fatality rate and an 8.94% hospitalization rate. The highest death rate occurred in rabeprazole (15.35%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the FAERS database, we profiled AKI related to various PPIs with more details in occurrences, clinical characteristics, and prognosis. Concern should be paid for PPIs when applied to patients with a tendency for AKI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T17:05:12Z","timestamp":1592240712000},"page":"156-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Acute kidney injury following the use of different proton pump inhibitor regimens: A real\u2010world analysis of post\u2010marketing surveillance data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9629-8320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Juan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue\u2010Mei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0532-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.4491"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17235\/reed.2019.6155\/2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0712-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-010-0871-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-014-0166-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1305-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.05.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.7927"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90181-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92531-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20140074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.7193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015121377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S130568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2005.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.05.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015735"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1580"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"580","article-title":"Pantoprazole\u2010induced acute interstitial nephritis","volume":"17","author":"Moore I","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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