{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T13:09:10Z","timestamp":1758632950986,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2C2009227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C2009227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stem cell treatments using scaffolds for liver disease have been well studied. However, macro\u2010encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to minimize or inhibit stem cell homing has not been evaluated. Here, we conducted a proof\u2010of\u2010concept study using MSCs macro\u2010encapsulated in poly lactic\u2010co\u2010glycolic acid in liver disease models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Poly lactic\u2010co\u2010glycolic acid semipermeable membranes (surface pore size up to 40\u00a0\u03bcm) were used as the macro\u2010encapsulation system. Macro\u2010encapsulated pouches were loaded with MSCs and sealed. Each pouch was implanted in the subcutaneous region of the dorsum or interlobular space of the liver. Acute liver injury was induced using thioacetamide intraperitoneal injection thrice a week. For the chronic liver fibrosis model, thioacetamide dose was gradually increased, starting from 100 to 400\u00a0mg\/kg over 16\u00a0weeks (thrice a week).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the acute liver injury model, the treated groups showed decreased liver inflammation and necrosis compared with the control. Hepatic fibrosis decreased in the treated group in the chronic liver fibrosis model compared with that in the control group. Encapsulated MSCs exhibited changed cell morphology and characteristics after implantation, showing increased periodic acid\u2013Schiff staining and CYP2E1 expression. Migration and homing of MSCs into the liver was not observed. Under hypoxic conditions, macro\u2010encapsulated MSCs secreted more growth hormones, including vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet\u2010derived growth factor, angiopoietin\u20102, and placental growth factor, than monolayered MSCs <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macro\u2010encapsulated MSCs attenuate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by upregulating hypoxia\u2010induced growth hormone secretion in liver disease models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T10:48:58Z","timestamp":1612781338000},"page":"1997-2007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Macro\u2010encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells in acute and chronic liver injury animal models"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Hyeon Tae","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiseok","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Hanyang University School of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2875-6139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae Won","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hanyang University School of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eileen L","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hanyang University School of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waqar Khalid","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Pak\u2010Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology  Mang, Haripur Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Hannam University  Daejeon South 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