{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:17:28Z","timestamp":1788974248408,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis, but presumably, not all infections carry the same risk of mortality. We compared outcomes of different sites of infection in a nationally representative sample of inpatients with cirrhosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We queried the Nationwide Readmissions Database for patients with cirrhosis from 2011 to 2014. Cirrhosis and infection diagnoses were identified by previously used algorithms of ICD\u20109 codes. The following infections were compared: urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, cellulitis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> infection (CDI). The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes included sepsis, any organ failure, multiple organ failures, and 30\u2010day readmission. Outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression and included a priori covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1\u00a0798\u00a0830 weighted index admissions were identified. Infection was present in 29.2% overall\u2014including UTI (13.7%), pneumonia (8.9%), cellulitis (5.2%), CDI (2.8%), and SBP (2.0%). Mortality was significantly higher in pneumonia (19.6%), SBP (18.6%), and CDI (17.4%) compared with cellulitis (7.6%) and UTI (11.8%). Sepsis, any, and multiple organ failures were most commonly seen in pneumonia, SBP, and CDI. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that pneumonia had the highest associated mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.73, confidence interval [CI] 2.68\u20132.80) and multiple organ failures (OR 3.59, CI 3.50\u20133.68). Significantly increased 30\u2010day readmission was seen only with SBP (24.9%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outcomes of inpatients with cirrhosis vary significantly depending on the type of infection. The severity and epidemiology of infection in cirrhosis appears to be shifting with pneumonia, not SBP, having the highest prevalence of multiple organ failures and inpatient mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T18:19:30Z","timestamp":1626977970000},"page":"3363-3370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mortality, sepsis, and organ failure in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis vary by type of infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7808-3307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preston","family":"Atteberry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Presbyterian Hospital\u2010Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Biederman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Presbyterian Hospital\u2010Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Jesudian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New York Presbyterian Hospital\u2010Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Lucero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New York Presbyterian Hospital\u2010Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Robert S.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New York Presbyterian Hospital\u2010Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Verna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Fortune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New York Presbyterian Hospital\u2010Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Rosenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New York Presbyterian Hospital\u2010Weill Cornell Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v8.i6.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.827"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25621"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27077"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25678"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29773"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"1426","article-title":"The NACSELD\u2010ACLF score accurately predicts survival: an external validation using a national cohort","volume":"144","author":"Rosenblatt RE","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25532"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26359"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908053410603"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14077"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25947"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000257"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000443"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30274"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199801000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-13-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.02.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1085"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2018.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12797"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13239"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001192"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12029"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-014-0454-2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.15633","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jgh.15633","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.15633","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T06:31:54Z","timestamp":1693204314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.15633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.15633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.15633","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}