{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:30:49Z","timestamp":1747186249492,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,29]],"date-time":"2021-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although history of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a known risk factor for developing second CRC, the optimal surveillance protocol has not been established. Using hazard function analysis to evaluate changes in the hazard rate for the development of second primary CRCs or high\u2010grade adenomas (HGAs), we aimed to clarify when and on whom to focus in order to effectively identify second primary colorectal neoplasms after initial surgery for CRC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively enrolled 1823 consecutive patients with stage 0\u2013III CRCs who underwent radical surgery between 2004 and 2015, and subsequent colonoscopic surveillance after surgery. The time\u2010course changes in the risk rates for developing metachronous CRC and HGA after surgery were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A peak was observed at 1.22\u00a0years after surgery in the hazard function curve for secondary colorectal neoplasms, which decreased until 4\u00a0years, then plateaued. Older patients were at higher risk than younger patients, both showing a peak at 1\u00a0year. Another peak at 6 to 8\u00a0years was observed in younger patients. Male patients showed a higher risk than female patients, and patients with synchronous lesions showed a markedly higher hazard rate than those without, with two distinct peaks around 1 and 9\u00a0years after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intensive colonoscopic surveillance is recommended after surgery for CRC during the first 2 to 3\u00a0years, and if the patient is under 60\u00a0years old and has concomitant CRC or HGA, surveillance is also recommended at 6 to 8\u00a0years after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T17:38:59Z","timestamp":1629481139000},"page":"56-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hazard function analysis for development of second primary colorectal cancer after surgery for primary colorectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5881-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazushige","family":"Kawai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7891-5986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Nozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhito","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Murono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1301969"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.3332"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.6828"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"HowladerN NooneAM&KrapchoMet al. 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