{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:41:25Z","timestamp":1790484085388,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008005","name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6\u20102020\u20100133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6\u20102020\u20100133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006107","name":"Gil Medical Center, Gachon University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRD2019\u201004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRD2019\u201004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006107","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the most accurate diagnostic modality for polypoid lesions of the gallbladder (GB), but is limited by subjective interpretation. Deep learning\u2010based artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are under development. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of AI in differentiating polypoid lesions using EUS images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The diagnostic performance of the EUS\u2010AI system with ResNet50 architecture was evaluated via three processes: training, internal validation, and testing using an AI development cohort of 1039 EUS images (836 GB polyps and 203 gallstones). The diagnostic performance was verified using an external validation cohort of 83 patients and compared with the performance of EUS endoscopists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the AI development cohort, we developed an EUS\u2010AI algorithm and evaluated the diagnostic performance of the EUS\u2010AI including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy. For the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non\u2010neoplastic GB polyps, these values for EUS\u2010AI were 57.9%, 96.5%, 77.8%, 91.6%, and 89.8%, respectively. In the external validation cohort, we compared diagnostic performances between EUS\u2010AI and endoscopists. For the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non\u2010neoplastic GB polyps, the sensitivity and specificity were 33.3% and 96.1% for EUS\u2010AI; they were 74.2% and 44.9%, respectively, for the endoscopists. Besides, the accuracy of the EUS\u2010AI was between the accuracies of mid\u2010level (66.7%) and expert EUS endoscopists (77.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This newly developed EUS\u2010AI system showed favorable performance for the diagnosis of neoplastic GB polyps, with a performance comparable to that of EUS endoscopists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T07:29:53Z","timestamp":1629876593000},"page":"3548-3555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasound\u2010artificial intelligence using deep learning analysis of gallbladder polypoid lesions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4937-6167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Ill","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Gachon University College of Health Science  Incheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5573-7083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eui Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center Gachon University College of Medicine  Incheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huapyong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center Gachon University College of Medicine  Incheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Jin","family":"Shon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Jin","family":"Seol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Gachon University College of Health Science  Incheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Gi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Gachon University College of Health Science  Incheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4174-0091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.2.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(99)80015-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5175-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-35859"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-012-2620-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2013.03.1328"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.03.3759"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0855-3532"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"TaylorL NitschkeG.Improving deep learning using generic data augmentation.arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.060202017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HeK ZhangX RenS SunJ.Deep residual learning for image recognition. Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition 2016;770\u2013778.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"CanzianiA PaszkeA CulurcielloE.An analysis of deep neural network models for practical applications.arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.076782016."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhouB KhoslaA LapedrizaA OlivaA TorralbaA.Learning deep features for discriminative localization. Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition 2016;2921\u20132929.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SelvarajuRR CogswellM DasA VedantamR ParikhD BatraD.Grad\u2010cam: visual explanations from deep networks via gradient\u2010based localization. Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision 2017;618\u2013626.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"1137","volume-title":"A study of cross\u2010validation and bootstrap for accuracy estimation and model selection","author":"Kohavi R","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4742-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i14.2171"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.11.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-008-0725-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-6444-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199904000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2000.108041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b5d5fc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217647"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64205-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.18152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.14585"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-122385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0732-5250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.825"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000045"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.15673","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jgh.15673","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.15673","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T02:32:17Z","timestamp":1693189937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.15673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.15673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.15673","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}