{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:12:50Z","timestamp":1787015570742,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although an inverse relationship between current smoking and the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) has been shown in North America and Europe, evidence is limited in Asian countries, where the incidence of UC is rapidly increasing. This Japanese case\u2013control study examined the association between active and passive smoking and risk of UC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A self\u2010administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on smoking and potential confounding factors in 384 cases with a diagnosis of UC within the past 4\u00a0years and 665 controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with having never smoked, having ever smoked was associated with an increased risk of UC (adjusted odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a01.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23\u20132.37). No association was observed between current smoking and risk of UC, but former smokers had a significant elevation in risk (adjusted OR\u00a0=\u00a02.40, 95% CI: 1.67\u20133.45). There was a positive dose\u2013response relationship with pack\u2010years smoked (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for trend\u00a0=\u00a00.006). Among never smokers, passive smoking exposure at home was significantly associated with an increased risk of UC (adjusted OR\u00a0=\u00a01.90, 95% CI: 1.30\u20132.79). A significant dose\u2013response gradient was also observed between pack\u2010years of passive smoking at home and risk of UC (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for trend\u00a0=\u00a00.0003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We confirmed that former smoking elevated the risk of UC, whereas an inverse association between current smoking and the risk of UC did not reach a statistically significant level. Passive smoking may be associated with an increased risk of UC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T11:12:19Z","timestamp":1638270739000},"page":"653-659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Active and passive smoking and risk of ulcerative colitis: A case\u2013control study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine  Toon Japan"},{"name":"Medicines Development Unit Japan and Medical Affairs Eli Lilly Japan K.K.  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3748-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1244-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chisato","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Center Ehime University  Matsuyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8533-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Andoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Shiga University of Medical Science  Otsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuji","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion National Institute of Public Health  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of IBD Tokyo Yamate Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Center Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital  Matsuyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Ninomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Center Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital  Matsuyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Center Ehime University Hospital  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Ehime University Hospital  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Center Ehime University Hospital  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Tokuyama Central Hospital  Yamaguchi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhisa","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohashi Clinic Participate in Gastro\u2010Enterology and Ano\u2010Proctology  Niihama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotsugu","family":"Imaeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Shiga University of Medical Science  Otsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Kakimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhide","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Nunoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kato Internal Medicine  Yawatahama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Mizukami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Matsuyama Shimin Hospital  Matsuyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiyuu","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sumitomo Besshi Hospital  Niihama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9796-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakiko","family":"Hiraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keitarou","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Saiseikai Imabari Hospital  Imabari Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Higashiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Hokari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromasa","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone and Joint Surgery Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruki","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teru","family":"Kumagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Clinical Training Center Ehime University Hospital  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromasa","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kato Dental Clinic  Matsuyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naohito","family":"Hato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Sayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4117-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoichi","family":"Hiasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Japan Ulcerative Colitis Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1102942"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2016.14.2.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-019-01603-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/81.11.1462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01771.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-018-0850-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-019-01589-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01999.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.06140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare.The National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan 2015. Available at:https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/bunya\/kenkou\/eiyou\/dl\/h27\u2010houkoku.pdf. Accessed August 18 2021. in Japanese"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.02953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00381.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco\u2010jcc\/jjaa114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153524"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i11.1827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000225644.75651.f1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2017-053947"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.15745","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jgh.15745","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.15745","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T20:07:43Z","timestamp":1692994063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.15745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.15745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.15745","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}