{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T22:18:23Z","timestamp":1773181103921,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smoking is associated with the increased risk of gastroduodenal ulcer. However, although smoking status can vary over time, most of studies have analyzed this association with smoking status at a single point of time. We analyzed the risk of gastroduodenal ulcer according to change in smoking status for more than 5\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study participants were 43\u00a0380 Korean adults free of gastroduodenal ulcer who received health check\u2010up between 2002 and 2013. Through evaluating their smoking status (never, quitter, and current) at 2003\u20132004 and 2009, they were categorized them into seven groups (never\u2010never, never\u2010quitter, never\u2010current, quitter\u2010quitter, quitter\u2010current, current\u2010quitter, and current\u2010current) and monitored until 2013 to identify incident gastroduodenal ulcer. Cox\u2010proportional hazard model was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident gastroduodenal ulcer according to changes in smoking status and smoking amount.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with never\u2010never group (reference), other groups had the significantly increased adjusted HRs and 95% CI for gastroduodenal ulcer. In particular, participants with current smoking (never\u2010current, quitter\u2010current, and current\u2010current) had the relatively higher HRs than other groups (never\u2010quitter: 1.200 [1.070\u20131.346], never\u2010current: 1.375 [1.156\u20131.636], quitter\u2010quitter: 1.149 [1.010\u20131.306], quitter\u2010current: 1.325 [1.058\u20131.660], current\u2010quitter: 1.344 [1.188\u20131.519], and current\u2010current: 1.379 [1.256\u20131.513]). Heavy smoker had the highest risk for gastroduodenal ulcer, followed by moderate and light smoker.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>People who ever experienced smoking had increased risk of gastroduodenal ulcer. Out of smoking status, current smoking is more associated with the increased risk of gastroduodenal ulcer than past smoking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T01:28:30Z","timestamp":1660008510000},"page":"2091-2097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Change in smoking status and its relation to the risk of gastroduodenal ulcer in Korean men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Sung Keun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Total Healthcare Center, School of Medicine Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min\u2010Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ewha Institute of Convergence Medicine Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7921-6549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju Young","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Total Healthcare Center, School of Medicine Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5709-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang\u2010Mo","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eunhee","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environment Medicine, College of Medicine Ewha Womans University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun Hye","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Kyung Hee University Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyo Choon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Kyung Hee University Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo Yeon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kyung Hee University Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann Hee","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Kyung Hee University Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5232-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae\u2010Hong","family":"Ryoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01169-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284692"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"The health consequences of smoking 50 years of progress: a report of the Surgeon General","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"WHO urges more countries to require large, graphic health warnings on tobacco packaging the WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2011 examines anti tobacco mass media campaigns","volume":"19","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cent. 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