{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:34:30Z","timestamp":1790303670152,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To understand the global incidence of the adverse events associated with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in children over the past 20\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and three Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, and Chongqing Weipu) for high\u2010quality articles written over the past 20\u00a0years and made selections based on the quality standard score. The study characteristics and incidences of adverse events were extracted from each article, meta\u2010analysis was performed using the R.3.6.3 software, and randomized\u2010effect or fixed\u2010effect meta\u2010analyses were used to determine the incidence of adverse events. Subgroup analysis was performed to determine heterogeneity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 18 articles involving 681 children were included in the analysis. The total effective rate of FMT in children was 85.75% (95% CI: 76.23\u201393.15%), of which the overall efficacy of FMT for the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> infection was 91.22% (95% CI: 83.49\u201396.68%) and the overall adverse event rate was 28.86% (95% CI: 19.56\u201339.15%), with a mild to moderate adverse event rate of 27.72% (95% CI: 17.86\u201338.83%) and a severe adverse event rate of 0.90% (95% CI: 0.33\u20131.76%). The most common mild to moderate adverse events were as follows: bellyache, 14.02% (95% CI: 5.43\u201325.77%); diarrhea, 7.75% (95% CI: 2.69\u201315.11%); and bloating, 7.36% (95% CI: 1.79\u201316.28%). Other adverse events included fever, 2.34%; vomiting, 3.12%; nausea, 1.50%; hematochezia, 2.30%; anorexia, 1.94%; and fatigue, 0.03%. The only death reported was in a study from China, in which the patient died of sepsis and liver failure 4\u00a0weeks after FMT. The other serious adverse event was an immunodeficiency patient with severe hematochezia. Another study in the United States described seven serious adverse events including one death that was not considered to be related to FMT; however, they did not describe the events in detail. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events between the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.61, 95% CI: 0.02\u201315.42, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.76).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adverse events related to FMT in children are mostly mild to moderate, of short duration, and self\u2010limiting. Therefore, the use of FMT in children is safe and worthy of widespread promotion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T15:41:54Z","timestamp":1662478914000},"page":"2031-2038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The global incidence of adverse events associated with fecal microbiota transplantation in children over the past 20\u00a0years: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7775-3308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u2010Gan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Ethnic Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Affiliated Ethnic Hospital of Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui\u2010Hong","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.244"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"854","article-title":"Fecal enema as an adjunct in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis","volume":"44","author":"Eiseman B","year":"1958","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1205037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640616678099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500802537903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"CTCAEv5.0 incorporates certain elements of the MedDRA terminology. For further details on MedDRA refer to the MedDRA MSSO Web site.https:\/\/www.meddra.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6676962"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318292fa0d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000545"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000419"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02622"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4663"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002172"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz379"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13326"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2017_123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v6.i16.1121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006\u20101533.2018.13.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.04.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168\u2010015\u20100107\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration.Important safety alert regarding use of fecal microbiota for transplantation and risk of serious adverse reactions due to transmission of multi\u2010drug resistant organisms. Retrieved form:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines\u2010blood\u2010biologics\/safety\u2010availability\u2010biologics\/important\u2010safety\u2010alert\u2010regarding\u2010use\u2010fecal\u2010microbiota\u2010transplantation\u2010and\u2010risk\u2010serious\u2010adverse.2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","unstructured":"FDA US.Safety alert regarding use of fecal microbiota for transplantation and risk of serious adverse events likely due to transmission of pathogenic organisms: FDA.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines\u2010blood\u2010biologics\/safety\u2010availability\u2010biologics\/safety\u2010alert\u2010regarding\u2010use\u2010fecal\u2010microbiota\u2010transplantation\u2010and\u2010risk\u2010serious\u2010adverse\u2010events\u2010likely. [accessed 2020 March 12];2020. Google Scholar."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16148"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir632"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000612"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.15996","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jgh.15996","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.15996","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T07:40:58Z","timestamp":1692690058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.15996"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.15996"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.15996","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}