{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T18:49:46Z","timestamp":1766515786362,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact of the Coronavirus disease\u20102019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic on patients with liver disease is not well described at the population level in the United States. We used the largest, nationwide inpatient dataset to describe inpatient liver disease outcomes in the United States during the first year of the pandemic (2020) using 2018 and 2019 as comparator years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using the National Inpatient Sample (2018\u20132020), we explored year\u2010to\u2010year and 2020 month\u2010to\u2010month trends in hospitalizations, length of stay, and inpatient mortality for liver\u2010related complications including cirrhosis, alcohol\u2010associated liver disease (ALD) and alcoholic hepatitis using regression modeling. We reported relative change (RC) in the study period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Decompensated cirrhosis hospitalizations decreased in 2020 compared with 2019 (RC: \u22122.7%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) while all\u2010cause mortality increased by 15.5% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Hospitalizations for ALD increased compared with pre\u2010pandemic years (RC: 9.2%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) with a corresponding increase in mortality in 2020 (RC 25.2%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002). We observed an increase in liver transplant surgery mortality during the peak months of the pandemic. Importantly, mortality from COVID\u201019 was higher among patients with decompensated cirrhosis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.53\u20131.94]), Native Americans (OR 1.76, 95% CI [1.53\u20132.02]), and patients from lower socioeconomic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cirrhosis hospitalizations decreased in 2020 compared with pre\u2010pandemic years but were associated with higher all\u2010cause mortality rates particularly in the peak months of the COVID\u201019 pandemic. In\u2010hospital COVID\u201019 mortality was higher among Native Americans, patients with decompensated cirrhosis, chronic illnesses, and those from lower socioeconomic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T02:27:45Z","timestamp":1678242465000},"page":"1148-1157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A nationwide study of liver disease hospitalizations during the coronavirus pandemic in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6766-4707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Sedarous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital  Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayooluwatomiwa Deborah","family":"Adekunle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine St. Luke's Hospital  Chesterfield Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oyedotun","family":"Babajide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, One Brooklyn Health Interfaith Medical Center  Brooklyn New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muftah","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine Midwestern University  Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muni","family":"Rubens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Clinical Research Miami Cancer Institute  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1695-7491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip N.","family":"Okafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.07.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000208"},{"volume-title":"Coronavirus Disease (Covid\u201019) Pandemic","author":"World Health Organization","key":"e_1_2_5_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1780"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1802"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100688"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1745"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2021.1881814"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd19.210228"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.005"},{"volume-title":"Introduction to the HCUP State Inpatient Databases (SID)","year":"2021","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)","key":"e_1_2_5_13_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz117"},{"volume-title":"Checklist for Working with the NIS","author":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)","key":"e_1_2_5_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15172"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.22942"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92612-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","article-title":"Covid\u201019 and alcohol associated liver disease","volume":"1590","author":"Deutsch\u2010Link S","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig. 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