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Chronic heavy alcohol use can modulate the composition and function of the gut microbiota, thereby exacerbating end\u2010organ damage via the gut\u2013brain axis and the gut\u2013liver axis. In this review, we summarize the bacterial, fungal, and viral gut microbial compositional changes associated with alcohol use and alcohol\u2010associated liver disease and discuss the mechanisms of action by which gut dysbiosis reinforces alcohol use behavior and liver inflammation and injury. We also highlight important pre\u2010clinical and clinical trials that target gut microbial\u2010specific mechanisms for the treatment of alcohol use disorder and alcohol\u2010associated liver disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T05:31:59Z","timestamp":1682400719000},"page":"1205-1210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Alcohol, the gut microbiome, and liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Michael H","family":"Jew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2604-1340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia L","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine 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