{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:22:32Z","timestamp":1789881752634,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1I1A1A01067589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1I1A1A01067589"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A2C4070136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C4070136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A41029238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A41029238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical features of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), remain unclear. We investigated the risk of sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in MAFLD and non\u2010metabolic risk (MR) NAFLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects were selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008\u20132011. Liver steatosis was assessed using fatty liver index. Significant liver fibrosis was defined using fibrosis\u20104 index, categorized by age cut\u2010offs. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest quintile sarcopenia index. Atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk score &gt;\u00a010% was defined as high probability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 7248 subjects had fatty liver (137 with non\u2010MR NAFLD, 1752 with MAFLD\/non\u2010NAFLD, and 5359 with overlapping MAFLD and NAFLD). In non\u2010MR NAFLD group 28 (20.4%) had significant fibrosis. The risk of sarcopenia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u00a0=\u00a02.71, 95% confidence index [CI]\u00a0=\u00a01.27\u20135.78) and high probability of ASCVD (aOR\u00a0=\u00a02.79, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.23\u20136.35) was significantly higher in MAFLD\/non\u2010NAFLD group than in non\u2010MR NAFLD group (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The risk of sarcopenia and high probability of ASCVD was similar between subjects with and without significant fibrosis in non\u2010MR NAFLD group (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). However, the risk was significantly higher in MAFLD group than in non\u2010MR NAFLD group (aOR\u00a0=\u00a03.38 for sarcopenia and 3.73 for ASCVD; all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risks of sarcopenia and CVD were significantly higher in MAFLD group but did not differ according to fibrotic burden in non\u2010MR NAFLD group. The MAFLD criteria might be better for identifying high\u2010risk fatty liver disease than the NAFLD criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:35:56Z","timestamp":1686875756000},"page":"1598-1609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["MAFLD might be better in identifying subjects with sarcopenia or cardiovascular risk than NAFLD: A nationwide study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3237-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugene","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Keimyung University School of Medicine  Daegu South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7066-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho Soo","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Ewha Womans University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Endocrine Research Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2371-0967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Liver Center Severance Hospital  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3552-3560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Liver Center Severance Hospital  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5363-2496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beom Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Liver Center Severance Hospital  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Yong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Liver Center Severance Hospital  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8327-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Do Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Liver Center Severance Hospital  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung\u2010Wan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Endocrine Research Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Seok","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Endocrine Research Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bong\u2010Soo","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Endocrine Research Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3629-4624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Hoon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Liver Center Severance Hospital  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9658-8050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Up","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Yonsei Liver Center Severance Hospital  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2021.0178"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2021.0067"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14675"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154433"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0070"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0367"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2021.0310"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28746"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28376"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2021.0406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0231"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0239"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0398"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0358"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt228"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12754"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.02.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-018-1474-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29302"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14843"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2013.20.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15723"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15787"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.10.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0163"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13889"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15660"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000572"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1387"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jgh.16261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T06:56:40Z","timestamp":1748933800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jgh.16261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jgh.16261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.16261","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}